Abstract

Surface nuclear magnetic resonance (sNMR) is an electromagnetic hydrogeophysical method directly sensitive to liquid phase water in the upper \(\approx \)100 m of the subsurface. For this reason, sNMR is a uniquely capable of unambiguous exploration and quantitative characterization of groundwater and its structural environment in the near-surface. In spite of these physical attributes, the method suffers from notoriously low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) which can limit its application. A large span of research has therefore been dedicated to sNMR developments including instrument innovations, acquisition methodologies and signal processing techniques which improve the SNR of the method and expand its scope of application outside the research world. Towards this goal, we include a description of community-developed best practice techniques and strategies that can be relied upon to successfully gather and analyse sNMR data sets in a production setting. Complementing this, we provide a comprehensive review of past, recent, and on-going approaches that—while not currently widely adopted—present promising features should further research be dedicated to their development. As such, the objective of this paper is to provide both newcomers and specialists of the sNMR method a clear view of the existing signal processing techniques and strategies along with a structured proposition of promising research leads and future perspectives to be explored.

Article Highlights

• Electromagnetic noise mitigation is crucial to achieving good surface nuclear magnetic surveys

• A review of efficient noise reduction strategies and techniques is presented

• Promising research perspectives which further enhance noise reduction efficiency are proposed

中文翻译：

---

用于电磁降噪和表面核磁共振参数恢复的采集和信号处理方法综述

摘要

表面核磁共振（sNMR）是一种对上层液相水直接敏感的电磁水文地球物理方法\(\约\)100 m 的地下。因此，sNMR 具有独特的能力，能够对近地表的地下水及其结构环境进行明确的勘探和定量表征。尽管具有这些物理属性，但该方法的信噪比 (SNR) 极低，这可能会限制其应用。因此，大量研究致力于 sNMR 发展，包括仪器创新、采集方法和信号处理技术，这些技术提高了方法的 SNR 并扩大了其在研究领域之外的应用范围。为实现这一目标，我们描述了社区开发的最佳实践技术和策略，可以依靠这些技术和策略在生产环境中成功收集和分析 sNMR 数据集。补充这一点，我们对过去、最近和正在进行的方法进行了全面的回顾，这些方法虽然目前没有被广泛采用，但目前有希望的特征应该进一步研究致力于它们的发展。因此，本文的目的是为 sNMR 方法的新手和专家提供对现有信号处理技术和策略的清晰视图，以及有前景的研究线索和有待探索的未来前景的结构化命题。

文章重点

• 电磁噪声缓解对于实现良好的地表核磁勘测至关重要

• 介绍了有效的降噪策略和技术的回顾

• 提出了进一步提高降噪效率的有前景的研究前景