Background

Hyperuricemia is one of the most important risk factors for gout and oxidative stress conditions caused by uric acid excessive production by the xanthine oxidase (XOD). Allopurinol (Allo) is the most widely used inhibitor of XOD, which is used to treat hyperuricemia. Allo not only has a rapid clearance but it also causes some side effects. We prepared a new metal–organic framework (MOF) and compared the release rate and side effects of free Allo and encapsulated in nanocomposite in male Wistar rats.

Method

GO/CuFe₂O₄/IRMOF-3 was prepared by hydrothermal method and Allo was encapsulated in its pores. The structural properties of nanoparticles and efficiency of the free and encapsulated drug in addition to the drug release rate were investigated.

Results

TGA, FTIR, BET, and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of the MOF and the drug encapsulation. SEM images showed dimensions of nanoparticles before/after drug loading were 30 and 50 nm, respectively. Encapsulation caused the slow release of the drug (88% of the loaded drug released in four days). Serum uric acid level in the hyperuricemic group receiving encapsulated Allo was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The liver and kidney function biomarkers and oxidative stress indices showed a significant improvement. Appearance and histopathology of liver/kidney tissues in all groups were normal.

Conclusion

Encapsulation of Allo in GO/CuFe₂O₄/IRMOF-3 can be employed to increase the efficacy, reduce the side effects, and lower the release rate of the drugs including treating hyperuricemia and oxidative stress conditions.

Graphical Abstract

中文翻译：

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别嘌醇在 GO/CuFe2O4/IR MOF-3 纳米复合材料中的包封及其效率的体内评价

背景

高尿酸血症是黄嘌呤氧化酶 (XOD) 过量产生尿酸引起的痛风和氧化应激状况的最重要危险因素之一。别嘌醇 (Allo) 是应用最广泛的 XOD 抑制剂，用于治疗高尿酸血症。Allo 不仅清除速度快，而且还会引起一些副作用。我们制备了一种新的金属有机框架 (MOF)，并比较了游离 Allo 和包裹在纳米复合材料中的雄性 Wistar 大鼠的释放速率和副作用。

方法

GO/ CuFe ₂ O ₄ /IRMOF-3 采用水热法制备，Allo 被包裹在其孔隙中。除了药物释放速率外，还研究了纳米颗粒的结构特性和游离和包封药物的效率。

结果

TGA、FTIR、BET 和 XRD 分析证实了 MOF 的形成和药物包封。SEM 图像显示载药前后纳米颗粒的尺寸分别为 30 和 50 nm。封装导致药物缓慢释放（88% 的装载药物在四天内释放）。Allo 高尿酸血症组血清尿酸水平显着降低（p  < 0.05）。肝肾功能生物标志物和氧化应激指标均有明显改善。各组肝/肾组织外观及组织病理学均正常。

结论

Allo在GO/ CuFe ₂ O ₄ /IRMOF-3中的包裹可用于提高疗效，减少副作用，降低药物的释放率，包括治疗高尿酸血症和氧化应激条件。

图形概要