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Encapsulation of Allopurinol in GO/CuFe2O4/IR MOF-3 Nanocomposite and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Efficiency

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Abstract

Background

Hyperuricemia is one of the most important risk factors for gout and oxidative stress conditions caused by uric acid excessive production by the xanthine oxidase (XOD). Allopurinol (Allo) is the most widely used inhibitor of XOD, which is used to treat hyperuricemia. Allo not only has a rapid clearance but it also causes some side effects. We prepared a new metal–organic framework (MOF) and compared the release rate and side effects of free Allo and encapsulated in nanocomposite in male Wistar rats.

Method

GO/CuFe2O4/IRMOF-3 was prepared by hydrothermal method and Allo was encapsulated in its pores. The structural properties of nanoparticles and efficiency of the free and encapsulated drug in addition to the drug release rate were investigated.

Results

TGA, FTIR, BET, and XRD analyses confirmed the formation of the MOF and the drug encapsulation. SEM images showed dimensions of nanoparticles before/after drug loading were 30 and 50 nm, respectively. Encapsulation caused the slow release of the drug (88% of the loaded drug released in four days). Serum uric acid level in the hyperuricemic group receiving encapsulated Allo was significantly reduced (p < 0.05). The liver and kidney function biomarkers and oxidative stress indices showed a significant improvement. Appearance and histopathology of liver/kidney tissues in all groups were normal.

Conclusion

Encapsulation of Allo in GO/CuFe2O4/IRMOF-3 can be employed to increase the efficacy, reduce the side effects, and lower the release rate of the drugs including treating hyperuricemia and oxidative stress conditions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Qom branch, Qom, Iran

    Fatemeh Mozaffari & Seyed Mohammad Hossein Razavian

  2. Department of Chemistry, Islamic Azad University, Qom branch, Qom, Iran

    Mohammad Ali Ghasemzadeh

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  1. Fatemeh Mozaffari
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Correspondence to Seyed Mohammad Hossein Razavian.

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Mozaffari, F., Razavian, S.M.H. & Ghasemzadeh, M.A. Encapsulation of Allopurinol in GO/CuFe2O4/IR MOF-3 Nanocomposite and In Vivo Evaluation of Its Efficiency. J Pharm Innov 18, 149–163 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12247-022-09624-2

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