Biomass Conversion and Biorefinery ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2022-01-15 , DOI: 10.1007/s13399-021-02174-6 Tariq J. Al-Musawi 1 , Sayyed Mohammad Ali Arghavan 2 , Elaheh Allahyari 3 , Fatemeh Sadat Arghavan 4 , Amina Othmani 5 , Negin Nasseh 6
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Almond peel waste was collected, characterized, and then used as an adsorbent for removing malachite green (MG) dye from aqueous solutions. The environmental conditions of MG dye adsorption were pH, 2.5–10.5; almond peel dose, 0.25–1.5 g/L; initial MG concentration, 10–60 mg/L; and adsorption time, 0–180 min. These were optimized by using an artificial neural network (ANN) tool. At pH = 8.5, 96.1% of the MG dye could be removed using almond peels. According to the coefficient of determination results, the Langmuir isotherm proved to be the equation that best fit the data of the isotherm study. Furthermore, the kinetic study showed that the data on MG adsorption of the almond peel waste was consistent with the pseudo-second-order model. The ANN model was developed by using a three-layer, feed-forward network with an optimum architecture of 4:10:1. Sigmoid functions were employed in both inputs and hidden layers, as also those hidden in the output layers. The results indicated a high correlation value (R = 0.976) to predict the entire experimental dataset, which indicated the applicability of the ANN tool, to describe the MG adsorption data in a highly accurate manner. The important conclusion of this study, after comparison with other similar adsorbents used in the adsorption process of dye wastewater, revealed that almond peel waste is a cheap, recyclable, and effective adsorptive agent, thus a good alternative to remove dyes from aqueous solutions.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
孔雀石绿染料在杏仁皮废料上的吸附：一项关注应用人工神经网络方法优化环境参数影响的研究
收集杏仁皮废料，对其进行表征，然后将其用作吸附剂以从水溶液中去除孔雀石绿 (MG) 染料。MG染料吸附的环境条件为pH，2.5~10.5；杏仁皮用量，0.25-1.5 g/L；初始 MG 浓度，10–60 mg/L；和吸附时间，0-180 分钟。这些通过使用人工神经网络 (ANN) 工具进行了优化。在 pH = 8.5 时，可以使用杏仁皮去除 96.1% 的 MG 染料。根据确定系数的结果，证明朗缪尔等温线是最适合等温线研究数据的方程。此外，动力学研究表明，杏仁皮废料对MG的吸附数据与伪二级模型一致。ANN 模型是通过使用具有 4:10:1 最佳架构的三层前馈网络开发的。输入层和隐藏层都使用了 Sigmoid 函数，以及隐藏在输出层中的函数。结果表明高相关值（R = 0.976）来预测整个实验数据集，这表明了ANN工具的适用性，以高度准确的方式描述MG吸附数据。本研究的重要结论是，在与染料废水吸附过程中使用的其他类似吸附剂进行比较后，表明杏仁皮废料是一种廉价、可回收且有效的吸附剂，因此是从水溶液中去除染料的良好替代品。
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