Abstract

An improved approach to determining the kinetic characteristics of electrochemical pressure-driven membrane separation of solutions has been proposed. It is based on the Spiegler friction theory and takes into account the combination of the effects of chemical and electrochemical potentials. The numerical values of the coefficients of friction f_ωm, f_+m, and f_+ω in the solvent–membrane, solute (cations)–membrane and solute (cations)–solvent systems, respectively, were found using the example of the electrochemical pressure-driven membrane separation of aqueous solutions of CuSO₄, Ni(NO₃)₂, and Fe(NO₃)₃ with concentrations of 1 × 10^–2, 2 × 10^–3, and 1 × 10^–5 mol/L, respectively, using MGA-95 and MGA-100 membranes. Empirical coefficients to determine approximating curves were also determined. It was detected that the absolute values of these coefficients increased with increasing applied electric potential in almost all cases. An exception was mass transfer through the near-cathode membranes in the separation of the Fe(NO₃)₃ solution. The absolute values of the coefficients of friction were lowest in the separation of the CuSO₄ solution and highest in the separation of the Fe(NO₃)₃ solution. The derived approximating dependences of the coefficients of friction on the electric potential were used to solve the inverse problem to find the retention factors and the outlet solvent flux. This can be efficiently used to predict the mass-transfer mechanism and calculate the characteristics of electromembrane units.

中文翻译：

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使用摩擦理论预测工业溶液的电化学压力驱动膜分离

摘要

已经提出了一种改进的方法来确定溶液的电化学压力驱动膜分离的动力学特性。它基于 Spiegler 摩擦理论，并考虑了化学和电化学势的影响的组合。溶剂-膜、溶质（阳离子）-膜和溶质（阳离子）-溶剂体系的摩擦系数f _ωm、f _+m和f _{+ω CuSO 4}、Ni(NO ₃ ) ₂和Fe(NO ₃ ) ₃水溶液的压力驱动膜分离使用 MGA-95 和 MGA-100 膜，浓度分别为 1 × 10 ^–2、2 × 10 ^–3和 1 × 10 ^{–5 mol/L。}还确定了确定近似曲线的经验系数。几乎在所有情况下，检测到这些系数的绝对值随着施加的电势的增加而增加。_{一个例外是在 Fe(NO 3} ) ₃溶液的分离中通过近阴极膜的传质。摩擦系数的绝对值在CuSO ₄溶液的分离中最低，在Fe(NO ₃ ) _{3的分离中最高}解决方案。导出的摩擦系数对电势的近似依赖性用于解决逆问题以找到保留因子和出口溶剂通量。这可以有效地用于预测传质机制和计算电膜单元的特性。