Concurrent training incorporates dual exercise modalities, typically resistance and aerobic-based exercise, either in a single session or as part of a periodized training program, that can promote muscle strength, mass, power/force and aerobic capacity adaptations for the purposes of sports performance or general health/wellbeing. Despite multiple health and exercise performance-related benefits, diminished muscle hypertrophy, strength and power have been reported with concurrent training compared to resistance training in isolation. Dietary protein is well-established to facilitate skeletal muscle growth, repair and regeneration during recovery from exercise. The degree to which increased protein intake can amplify adaptation responses with resistance exercise, and to a lesser extent aerobic exercise, has been highly studied. In contrast, much less focus has been directed toward the capacity for protein to enhance anabolic and metabolic responses with divergent contractile stimuli inherent to concurrent training and potentially negate interference in muscle strength, power and hypertrophy. This review consolidates available literature investigating increased protein intake on rates of muscle protein synthesis, hypertrophy, strength and force/power adaptations following acute and chronic concurrent training. Acute concurrent exercise studies provide evidence for the significant stimulation of myofibrillar protein synthesis with protein compared to placebo ingestion. High protein intake can also augment increases in lean mass with chronic concurrent training, although these increases do not appear to translate into further improvements in strength adaptations. Similarly, the available evidence indicates protein intake twice the recommended intake and beyond does not rescue decrements in selective aspects of muscle force and power production with concurrent training.

同步训练包括双重运动方式，通常是阻力运动和有氧运动，无论是在单次训练中还是作为周期性训练计划的一部分，都可以促进肌肉力量、质量、力量/力量和有氧能力适应，以达到运动表现的目的或一般健康/福祉。尽管有多种与健康和运动表现相关的好处，但与单独的阻力训练相比，同步训练会减少肌肉肥大、力量和爆发力。众所周知，膳食蛋白质可在运动恢复期间促进骨骼肌的生长、修复和再生。已经深入研究了增加蛋白质摄入量可以在多大程度上增强抗阻运动的适应反应，以及较小程度的有氧运动。相比之下，很少有人关注蛋白质通过并发训练固有的不同收缩刺激增强合成代谢和代谢反应的能力，并可能抵消对肌肉力量、爆发力和肥大的干扰。这篇综述整合了现有文献，这些文献研究了增加蛋白质摄入量对急性和慢性同时训练后肌肉蛋白质合成率、肥大、力量和力量/爆发力适应的影响。与安慰剂摄入相比，急性同时运动研究提供了蛋白质显着刺激肌原纤维蛋白合成的证据。高蛋白质摄入量还可以通过长期同时进行的训练来增加瘦体重，尽管这些增加似乎并未转化为力量适应性的进一步改善。相似地，