Although bacteriophages have been overshadowed as therapeutic agents by antibiotics for decades, the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria and a better understanding of the role of the gut microbiota in human health and disease have brought them back into focus. In this Perspective, we briefly introduce basic phage biology and summarize recent discoveries about phages in relation to their role in the gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases, such as inflammatory bowel disease and chronic liver disease. In addition, we review preclinical studies and clinical trials of phage therapy for enteric disease and explore current challenges and potential future directions.

尽管噬菌体作为治疗剂的地位几十年来一直被抗生素所掩盖，但多重耐药细菌的出现以及对肠道微生物群在人类健康和疾病中作用的更好理解使噬菌体重新成为人们关注的焦点。在本视角中，我们简要介绍了基本的噬菌体生物学，并总结了有关噬菌体的最新发现及其在肠道微生物群和胃肠道疾病（例如炎症性肠病和慢性肝病）中的作用。此外，我们回顾了噬菌体疗法治疗肠道疾病的临床前研究和临床试验，并探讨了当前的挑战和潜在的未来方向。