We present quantitative evidence that the mita introduced by the Spanish crown in 1573 caused the decimation of the native-born male population. The mass baptisms after the conquest of Peru in 1532 resulted in the assignation of surnames for the first time. We argue that past mortality displacement and mass out-migration were responsible for differences in the surnames observed in mita and non-mita districts today. Using a regression discontinuity and data from the Peruvian Electoral Roll of 2011, we find that mita districts have 47 log points fewer surnames than non-mita districts, and fewer surnames exclusive to one location.

中文翻译：

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殖民地米塔是否导致人口崩溃？秘鲁当前的姓氏揭示了什么

我们提供定量证据表明三田1573 年由西班牙王室引入，导致当地出生的男性人口大量减少。1532 年征服秘鲁后的大规模洗礼首次导致了姓氏的分配。我们认为，过去的死亡流离失所和大规模外迁是造成在三田和非弥陀今天的区。使用回归不连续性和 2011 年秘鲁选举人名册的数据，我们发现三田地区的姓氏比姓氏少 47 个日志点非弥陀地区，以及更少的姓氏专属于一个地方。