Abstract

Issues of the formation of dust particles in high-temperature technological reactors are considered with an emphasis on the processes occurring in electrothermal ore-reduction furnaces of phosphorus production, when dust serves as a source of sludge that contaminates the product. A model of dust formation is proposed based on the hydrodynamic interaction of gas bubbles with liquid when they exit at the interface, when the destruction of bubbles leads to the appearance of drops carried away by the gas flow. Consideration of the stability positions for maximum perturbations in cylindrical liquid jets makes it possible to estimate the droplet sizes above the liquid surface and obtain qualitative and quantitative estimates for droplets carried away by the gas flow. Analytical dependencies for dust formation in a phosphoric furnace make it possible to relate the dust content to the operating parameters characterizing the operation of the furnaces (the temperature in the reaction zone) and the properties of the melt and control parameters (the voltage on the electrodes and the dosage of coke). Calculations based on the ratios show a satisfactory correlation with experimental data on the formation of dust in phosphoric, open-hearth furnaces, as well as bubbling heat and mass transfer installations. A model of thermophysical processes in an electrothermal reduction reactor is presented in the approximation of lumped-distributed parameters, which takes into account the interaction of zones of different phase compositions, making it possible to analyze the operating modes of the reactor from the main control parameters—voltage on the electrodes and the proportion of reducing coke. The results can be used to optimize the operating modes of the equipment within the limits of permissible dust emissions.

中文翻译：

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工艺多相反应器中粉尘颗粒的形成

摘要

考虑了高温技术反应器中粉尘颗粒形成的问题，重点是磷生产电热矿石还原炉中发生的过程，当粉尘成为污染产品的污泥来源时。当气泡从界面离开时，气泡与液体的流体动力学相互作用，当气泡的破坏导致出现被气流带走的液滴时，提出了一种灰尘形成模型。考虑圆柱形液体射流中最大扰动的稳定位置，可以估计液体表面上方的液滴尺寸，并获得对气流带走的液滴的定性和定量估计。磷化炉中粉尘形成的分析相关性使得可以将粉尘含量与表征熔炉运行的运行参数（反应区的温度）以及熔体的特性和控制参数（电极上的电压）联系起来。和可乐的用量）。基于这些比率的计算表明，与磷、平炉以及鼓泡传热和传质装置中粉尘形成的实验数据具有令人满意的相关性。电热还原反应器中的热物理过程模型以集中分布参数的近似形式呈现，该模型考虑了不同相组成区域的相互作用，使得可以从主要控制参数——电极电压和还原焦炭的比例来分析反应器的运行模式。结果可用于在允许的粉尘排放范围内优化设备的运行模式。