For over a century, researchers have used mice as models and adapted many new methods to create novel mutations in them. In the past 100+ years, we have gone from breeding strains for selected traits to inducing random mutations throughout the genome to creating designer alleles with multiple functions. Each method offers opportunities and challenges for researchers as they try to address specific research questions with mouse models.

中文翻译：

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了解你的模型：制作突变小鼠遗传模型的简史

一个多世纪以来，研究人员一直使用小鼠作为模型，并采用了许多新方法来在其中产生新的突变。在过去的 100 多年里，我们已经从培育选定性状的品系到在整个基因组中诱导随机突变，再到创建具有多种功能的设计等位基因。每种方法都为研究人员提供了机会和挑战，因为他们试图用小鼠模型解决特定的研究问题。