We develop a solution-processable, Ag-sandwiched carbon-nanotube-coated, durable (SAND) architecture that enables power-efficient and highly consistent cyclic heating up to 400 °C at 6 V with neither structural degradation nor substrate breakage. The Ag/CNT/Ag-stacked SAND structure, comprising an airbrushed carbon nanotube (CNT) network layer sandwiched by the Ag layers reduced with ionic Ag ink coatings, can be created by a facile and scalable all-solution-processable fabrication protocol without resorting to vacuum-assisted nanofabrication. Through a systematic comparison with Ag-only and CNT/Ag- or Ag/CNT-bilayered structures, we show that the SAND architecture can improve the joule-heating efficiency and uniformity, and more importantly, the anti-breaking durability to overcome the thermal expansion discrepancy against the underlying substrate. This is analytically interpreted through a thermal stress-induced substrate breaking mechanism, where the increasing difference in the thermal expansion between the substrate and coated layers upon heating can be effectively suppressed within the SAND architecture. Readily applicable to more scalable, diverse substrates ranging from brittle glass to large-area polymer films, the SAND architecture can be utilized in the flexible and reliable anti-failure heating devices required in such applications as machine and vehicle components, sensor systems, and safety and warm-up gears.

我们开发了一种可溶液处理的、Ag 夹心碳纳米管涂层的耐用 (SAND) 架构，该架构能够在 6 V 下实现高达 400 °C 的高能效和高度一致的循环加热，而不会出现结构退化或基板破损。Ag/CNT/Ag 堆叠的 SAND 结构，包括一个喷枪碳纳米管 (CNT) 网络层，夹在用离子 Ag 油墨涂层减少的 Ag 层之间，可以通过简便且可扩展的全溶液可加工制造协议来创建，而无需求助于真空辅助纳米制造。通过与仅 Ag 和 CNT/Ag 或 Ag/CNT 双层结构的系统比较，我们表明 SAND 架构可以提高焦耳加热效率和均匀性，更重要的是，抗断裂耐久性，以克服与底层基板的热膨胀差异。这是通过热应力引起的基材断裂机制进行分析解释的，其中加热时基材和涂层之间热膨胀差异的增加可以在 SAND 架构内得到有效抑制。SAND 架构可轻松应用于从脆性玻璃到大面积聚合物薄膜的更具可扩展性的多样化基材，可用于机器和车辆部件、传感器系统和安全等应用所需的灵活可靠的防故障加热设备和预热齿轮。其中，在 SAND 架构中，可以有效抑制加热时基板和涂层之间热膨胀差异的增加。SAND 架构可轻松应用于从脆性玻璃到大面积聚合物薄膜的更具可扩展性的多样化基材，可用于机器和车辆部件、传感器系统和安全等应用所需的灵活可靠的防故障加热设备和预热齿轮。其中，在 SAND 架构中，可以有效抑制加热时基板和涂层之间热膨胀差异的增加。SAND 架构可轻松应用于从脆性玻璃到大面积聚合物薄膜的更具可扩展性的多样化基材，可用于机器和车辆部件、传感器系统和安全等应用所需的灵活可靠的防故障加热设备和预热齿轮。