Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are unexpected reactions to a medication administered in a correct way at a standard dose. Drug-induced skin reactions account for 60–70% of all ADRs. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence of antibiotic-related dermatological ADR in patients treated in the department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology of the University Clinical Center in Gdańsk, Poland, in the years 2004–2021. A retrospective analysis of patients’ medical files was conducted in order to identify cases of ADR connected with the use of antibiotics, yielding 84 cases. The most common group of antibiotics were β-lactam, causing ADR in 47 patients. β-lactam antibiotics in our study included amoxicillin, alone and combined with clavulanic acid, and cephalosporins, affecting 22, 18 and 7 patients, respectively. In conclusion, β-lactam antibiotics showed the highest prevalence among antibiotic-induced skin reactions. They accounted for 15% of cases of all dermatological drug reactions and 55% of those caused by antibiotics. Especially amoxicillin, prescribed as a single drug or in combination with clavulanic acid, was commonly the culprit. Due to its wide use in the hospital and outpatient clinic, these adverse reactions have to be kept in mind by both hospital staff and general practitioners.

中文翻译：

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格但斯克医科大学皮肤科病房治疗患者与抗生素相关的药物不良反应

药物不良反应 (ADR) 是指以正确的方式和标准剂量服用药物后出现的意外反应。药物引起的皮肤反应占所有不良反应的 60-70%。该研究的目的是确定 2004 年至 2021 年波兰格但斯克大学临床中心皮肤病学、性病学和变态反应学科治疗的患者中抗生素相关皮肤病 ADR 的患病率。对患者的医疗档案进行回顾性分析，以确定与使用抗生素有关的不良反应病例，共发现 84 例。最常见的抗生素是 β-内酰胺，导致 47 名患者出现 ADR。我们研究中的β-内酰胺类抗生素包括阿莫西林单独使用、与克拉维酸联合使用以及头孢菌素，分别影响了 22 名、18 名和 7 名患者。总之，β-内酰胺类抗生素在抗生素引起的皮肤反应中发病率最高。它们占所有皮肤病药物反应病例的 15%，占抗生素引起病例的 55%。尤其是阿莫西林，作为单一药物或与克拉维酸联合使用，通常是罪魁祸首。由于其在医院和门诊的广泛使用，医院工作人员和全科医生都必须牢记这些不良反应。