Suaeda vermiculata, a halophyte consumed by livestock, is also used by Bedouins to manage liver disorders. The aqueous-ethanolic extract of S. vermiculata, its subsequent fractions, and pure compounds, i.e., pheophytin-A (1), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (2), and quercetin (3), were evaluated for their hepatoprotective efficacy. The male mice were daily fed with either silymarin, plant aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, pure isolated compounds, or carboxyl methylcellulose (CMC) for 7 days (/group, p.o.). On the day 7^th of the administrations, all, except the intact animal groups, were induced with hepatotoxicity using paracetamol (PCM, 300 mg/kg). The anesthetized animals were euthanized after 24 h; blood and liver tissues were collected and analysed. The serum aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels decreased significantly for all the S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fraction, and compound-treated groups when equated with the PCM group (). The antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), increased significantly () for the silymarin-, n-hexane-, and quercetin-fed groups. Similarly, the catalase (CAT) enzyme level significantly increased for all the groups, except for the compound 2-treated group as compared to the CMC group. Also, the glutathione reductase (GR) levels were significantly increased for the n-butanol treated group than for the PCM group. The oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxide (LP) and nitric oxide (NO), the inflammatory markers, IL-6 and TNF-α, and the kidney’s functional biomarker parameters remained unchanged and did not differ significantly for the treated groups in comparison to the PCM-induced toxicity bearing animals. All the treated groups demonstrated significant decreases in cholesterol levels as compared to the PCM group, indicating hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects. The quercetin-treated group demonstrated significant improvement in triglyceride level. The S. vermiculata aq.-ethanolic extract, fractions, and the isolated compounds demonstrated their hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects, confirming the claimed traditional use of the herb as a liver protectant.

中文翻译：

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与水飞蓟素相比，Suaeda vermiculata 水乙醇提取物、其后续馏分和分离化合物在抗扑热息痛引起的毒性中的肝脏保护作用


碱蓬是一种被牲畜食用的盐生植物，贝都因人也用它来治疗肝脏疾病。对S. vermiculata的水乙醇提取物、其后续级分和纯化合物，即脱镁叶绿素-A (1)、异鼠李素-3- O-芸香苷 (2) 和槲皮素 (3) 的保肝作用进行了评估功效。每天给雄性小鼠喂食水飞蓟素、植物水乙醇提取物、级分、纯分离化合物或羧甲基纤维素(CMC)，持续7天（/组，口服）。给药^第7天，除完整动物组外，所有动物均使用扑热息痛（PCM，300 mg/kg）诱导肝毒性。麻醉24小时后对动物实施安乐死；收集并分析血液和肝组织。与 PCM 组相同，所有S. vermiculata水乙醇提取物、级分和化合物处理组的血清天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST) 和丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) 水平均显着降低（ ）。抗氧化剂超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）显着增加（ ）对于水飞蓟素、正己烷和槲皮素喂养组。 类似地，与CMC组相比，除了化合物2处理组之外，所有组的过氧化氢酶(CAT)酶水平显着增加。而且，正丁醇处理组的谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）水平比PCM组显着增加。氧化应激生物标志物、脂质过氧化物（LP）和一氧化氮（NO）、炎症标志物、IL-6和TNF- α以及肾脏功能生物标志物参数保持不变，与治疗组相比没有显着差异。 PCM 引起的毒性动物。与 PCM 组相比，所有治疗组的胆固醇水平均显着降低，表明具有保肝和抗氧化作用。槲皮素治疗组的甘油三酯水平显着改善。 S. vermiculata水乙醇提取物、级分和分离的化合物证明了它们的保肝和抗氧化作用，证实了所声称的该草药作为肝脏保护剂的传统用途。