The sinonasal microbiota in human upper airway may play an important role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the human upper airway microbiome in patients with unilateral CRS, and compare the sinonasal microbiome of the unilateral diseased site with that of a contralateral healthy site. Thirty samples, 15 each from the diseased and healthy sites, were collected from the middle meatus and/or anterior ethmoid region of 15 patients with unilateral CRS during endoscopic sinus surgery. DNA extraction and bacterial microbiome analysis via 16S rRNA gene sequencing were then performed. Corynebacterium showed the highest relative abundance, followed by Staphylococcus in samples from both the diseased and healthy sites. Further, the relative abundances of Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas were significantly lower in samples from diseased sites than in those from healthy sites. Conversely, anaerobes, including Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, and Propionibacterium, were abundantly present in samples from both sites, more so in samples from diseased sites. However, the sites showed no significant difference with respect to richness or diversity (p > 0.05). Our results indicate that CRS might be a polymicrobial infection, and also suggest that Corynebacterium and Staphylococcus may exist as commensals on the sinus mucosal surface in the upper respiratory tract.

中文翻译：

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单侧慢性鼻窦炎微生物组：对照配对分析

人类上呼吸道的鼻窦微生物群可能在慢性鼻窦炎（CRS）中起重要作用。因此，本研究旨在调查单侧 CRS 患者的人类上呼吸道微生物组，并比较单侧患病部位与对侧健康部位的鼻腔鼻腔微生物组。在内窥镜鼻窦手术期间，从 15 名单侧 CRS 患者的中鼻道和/或前筛区收集了 30 个样本，其中各 15 个来自患病部位和健康部位。然后通过 16S rRNA 基因测序进行 DNA 提取和细菌微生物组分析。在来自患病和健康部位的样本中，棒状杆菌显示出最高的相对丰度，其次是葡萄球菌。此外，相对丰度来自患病部位的样本中的葡萄球菌和假单胞菌显着低于来自健康部位的样本。相反，厌氧菌，包括梭杆菌、拟杆菌和丙酸杆菌，在两个地点的样本中大量存在，在患病地点的样本中更是如此。然而，这些站点在丰富度或多样性方面没有显着差异（p > 0.05）。我们的结果表明 CRS 可能是一种多种微生物感染，也表明棒状杆菌和葡萄球菌可能作为上呼吸道鼻窦粘膜表面的共生体存在。