Herpes stromal keratitis (HSK) is a disease that commonly affects the cornea and external eye and is caused by Herpes Simplex Virus type 1 (HSV-1). This virus infects approximately 66% of people worldwide; however, only a small portion of these people will develop symptoms in their lifetime. There is no cure or vaccine available for HSV-1; however, there are treatments available that aim to control the inflammation caused by the virus and prevent its recurrence. While these treatments are beneficial to those suffering with HSK, there is a need for more effective treatments to minimise the need for topical steroids, which can have harmful effects, and to prevent bouts of disease reactivation, which can lead to progressive corneal scarring and visual impairment. This review details the current understanding of HSV-1 infection and discusses potential novel treatment options including microRNAs, TLRs, mAbs, and aptamers.

中文翻译：

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促进我们对角膜单纯疱疹病毒 1 免疫逃避机制和未来治疗的理解

疱疹基质角膜炎 (HSK) 是一种常见于角膜和外眼的疾病，由单纯疱疹病毒 1 型 (HSV-1) 引起。这种病毒感染了全世界约 66% 的人；然而，这些人中只有一小部分会在其一生中出现症状。没有针对 HSV-1 的治疗方法或疫苗；但是，有一些治疗方法可以控制由病毒引起的炎症并防止其复发。虽然这些治疗对 HSK 患者有益，但仍需要更有效的治疗，以尽量减少对可能产生有害影响的外用类固醇的需求，并防止疾病再激活，这可能导致进行性角膜瘢痕和视力减值。