Amlodipine (AML) is an effective drug that has been widely used for hypertension and angina. However, AML is frequently detected in aqueous environments, posing potential risks to human and ecological health. In this study, the degradation of AML via peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activated by CNTs/Co₃O₄ was investigated. CNTs/Co₃O₄ was prepared via a facile method, and multiple characterizations suggested that Co₃O₄ were uniformly dispersed on the surface of MWCNTs-COOH. Experimental results indicated that complete removal of 10 μM AML was achieved within 30 min by using 2 mg/L CNTs/Co₃O₄ and 4 μM PMS at 25 °C in PBS buffered solution (pH 7.0). The observed pseudo-first-order rate constant was calculated to be 0.1369 min⁻¹. Interestingly, the presence of 100 mM Cl⁻ resulted in a slight enhancement of AML removal rate from 0.0528 to 0.0642 min⁻¹. The addition of 100 mM HCO₃⁻, 5 mg/L Pony Lake fulvic acid (PLFA), or Suwannee River humic acid (SRHA) retarded AML degradation by 15.5, 0.7, and 1.6 times, respectively. As per the quenching experiments, SO₄^⦁− rather than ⦁OH were verified to be the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, ten major intermediates were identified using TOF-LC-MS and three associated reaction pathways including ether bond broken, H-abstraction, and hydroxylation were proposed. We outlook these findings to advance the feasibility of organic contaminants removal via CNTs/Co₃O₄ + PMS systems that have extremely low-level PMS.

氨氯地平（AML）是一种广泛用于治疗高血压和心绞痛的有效药物。然而，AML 经常在水环境中检测到，对人类和生态健康构成潜在风险。在这项研究中，研究了通过 CNT/Co ₃ O _{4激活的过氧单硫酸盐 (PMS) 降解 AML。}CNTs/Co ₃ O ₄通过简便的方法制备，多项表征表明Co ₃ O ₄均匀分散在MWCNTs-COOH的表面。实验结果表明，使用2 mg/L CNTs/Co ₃ O _{4可在30分钟内完全去除10 μM AML}和 4 μM PMS 在 25 °C 的 PBS 缓冲溶液 (pH 7.0) 中。观察到的伪一级速率常数经计算为0.1369 min ^-1。^{有趣的是，100 mM Cl -}的存在导致 AML 去除率从 0.0528 略微提高到 0.0642 min ^-1。添加 100 mM HCO ₃ ^-、5 mg/L Pony Lake 黄腐酸 (PLFA) 或 Suwannee River 腐植酸 (SRHA) 分别使 AML 降解延迟 15.5、0.7 和 1.6 倍。根据淬火实验，SO ₄ ^⦁−而不是⦁OH被证实是主要的活性氧（ROS）。此外，使用 TOF-LC-MS 鉴定了十个主要中间体，并提出了三个相关的反应途径，包括醚键断裂、H-提取和羟基化。我们展望这些发现，以推进通过具有极低水平 PMS 的CNT/Co ₃ O ₄ + PMS 系统去除有机污染物的可行性。