Intestinal mucositis (IM) is a common side effect resulting from cancer treatment. However, the management so far has not been very effective. In the last years, the role of the gut microbiota in the development and severity of mucositis has been studied. Therefore, the use of probiotics and paraprobiotics could have a potential therapeutic effect on IM. The aim of our study was to investigate the impact of the administration of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) CGMCC1.3724 and the paraprobiotic on IM in mice. For 13 days, male Balb/c mice were divided into six groups: control (CTL) and mucositis (MUC)/0.1 mL of saline; CTL LrV and MUC LrV/0.1 mL of 10⁸ CFU of viable Lr; CTL LrI and MUC LrI/0.1 mL of 10⁸ CFU of inactivated Lr. On the 10th day, mice from the MUC, MUC LrV, and MUC LrI groups received an intraperitoneal injection (300 mg/kg) of 5-fluorouracil to induce mucositis. The results showed that the administration of the chemotherapeutic agent increased the weight loss and intestinal permeability of the animals in the MUC and MUC LrV groups. However, administration of paraprobiotic reduced weight loss and maintained PI at physiological levels. The paraprobiotic also preserved the villi and intestinal crypts, reduced the inflammatory infiltrate, and increased the mucus secretion, Muc2 gene expression, and Treg cells frequency.

肠粘膜炎 (IM) 是癌症治疗引起的常见副作用。然而，迄今为止的管理并不是很有效。在过去的几年中，已经研究了肠道微生物群在粘膜炎的发展和严重程度中的作用。因此，益生菌和副益生菌的使用可能对 IM 具有潜在的治疗作用。我们研究的目的是研究施用鼠李糖乳杆菌( L. rhamnosus ) CGMCC1.3724 和副益生菌对小鼠 IM 的影响。在 13 天的时间里，雄性 Balb/c 小鼠被分为六组：对照组 (CTL) 和粘膜炎 (MUC)/0.1 mL 盐水；CTL Lr V 和 MUC Lr V/0.1 mL of 10 ⁸  CFU of viable Lr; CTL Lr I 和 MUC Lr I/0.1 mL 的 10 ⁸  CFU 灭活Lr。第 10 天，来自 MUC、MUC Lr V 和 MUC Lr I 组的小鼠接受腹膜内注射 (300 mg/kg) 5-氟尿嘧啶以诱导粘膜炎。结果表明，化疗药物的给药增加了动物在 MUC 和 MUC Lr中的体重减轻和肠道通透性V组。然而，使用副益生菌可减少体重减轻并将 PI 维持在生理水平。副益生菌还可以保护绒毛和肠隐窝，减少炎症浸润，增加粘液分泌、Muc2 基因表达和 Treg 细胞频率。