Indonesian fire events generate significant impacts on ecosystems, society, and climate regionally and globally. Following severe burning in 2015, Indonesia prioritized targeted fire prevention to reduce crop destruction, haze, forest degradation, and carbon emissions. We show that such efforts resulted in a qualified success. Fire activity during 2016–2019 averaged ~23% of expected levels across 627 target communities (11 Mha), waning to 70% during the severe 2019 fire season, which was delayed ~30–50 days despite relatively dry conditions. Small/medium-scale and agro-industrial landholdings targeted by fire prevention burned extensively and comparatively, yet they accounted for a relatively limited 12–22% and 18–26% of fire activity over 2013–2017 respectively upon considering fire ignition and dissemination patterns. Small/medium landholdings appeared as a net ‘fire propagator’, with up to half of associated fire activity affecting other lands. Conversely, agro-industrial lands appeared as net ‘fire receivers’, with up to half of their fire activity originating from adjacent degraded lands. Successful fire prevention represents a boon for Indonesian forest restoration and carbon-emission reduction schemes. However, more effective fire prevention must focus on degraded lands vulnerable to the agricultural incursion, from which ignition fires propagate comparably to small/medium landholdings and for which almost half of fire activity stemmed from ignitions thereon.

印度尼西亚火灾事件对区域和全球的生态系统、社会和气候产生重大影响。继 2015 年严重燃烧后，印度尼西亚优先考虑有针对性的防火，以减少作物破坏、雾霾、森林退化和碳排放。我们表明，这样的努力取得了一定的成功。2016-2019 年 627 个目标社区（11 Mha）的火灾活动平均约为预期水平的 23%，在 2019 年严重的火灾季节下降至 70%，尽管条件相对干燥，但火灾活动延迟了约 30-50 天。以防火为目标的中小型和农工业土地被广泛且相对地燃烧，但考虑到火灾的着火和传播模式，它们在 2013-2017 年间分别占火灾活动的 12-22% 和 18-26% 相对有限. 中小型土地所有权表现为净“火灾传播者”，多达一半的相关火灾活动影响到其他土地。相反，农工业用地表现为净“火灾接收器”，其中多达一半的火灾活动源自相邻的退化土地。成功的防火是印度尼西亚森林恢复和碳减排计划的福音。然而，更有效的防火措施必须集中在易受农业入侵的退化土地上，从那里起火的火灾与中小型土地持有相当，并且几乎一半的火灾活动源于其上的起火。多达一半的火灾活动来自相邻的退化土地。成功的防火是印度尼西亚森林恢复和碳减排计划的福音。然而，更有效的防火措施必须集中在易受农业入侵的退化土地上，从这些土地起火的传播与中小型土地持有相当，并且几乎一半的火灾活动源于其上的着火。多达一半的火灾活动来自相邻的退化土地。成功的防火是印度尼西亚森林恢复和碳减排计划的福音。然而，更有效的防火措施必须集中在易受农业入侵的退化土地上，从那里起火的火灾与中小型土地持有相当，并且几乎一半的火灾活动源于其上的起火。