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Fire prevention in managed landscapes: Recent success and challenges in Indonesia

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Abstract

Indonesian fire events generate significant impacts on ecosystems, society, and climate regionally and globally. Following severe burning in 2015, Indonesia prioritized targeted fire prevention to reduce crop destruction, haze, forest degradation, and carbon emissions. We show that such efforts resulted in a qualified success. Fire activity during 2016–2019 averaged ~23% of expected levels across 627 target communities (11 Mha), waning to 70% during the severe 2019 fire season, which was delayed ~30–50 days despite relatively dry conditions. Small/medium-scale and agro-industrial landholdings targeted by fire prevention burned extensively and comparatively, yet they accounted for a relatively limited 12–22% and 18–26% of fire activity over 2013–2017 respectively upon considering fire ignition and dissemination patterns. Small/medium landholdings appeared as a net ‘fire propagator’, with up to half of associated fire activity affecting other lands. Conversely, agro-industrial lands appeared as net ‘fire receivers’, with up to half of their fire activity originating from adjacent degraded lands. Successful fire prevention represents a boon for Indonesian forest restoration and carbon-emission reduction schemes. However, more effective fire prevention must focus on degraded lands vulnerable to the agricultural incursion, from which ignition fires propagate comparably to small/medium landholdings and for which almost half of fire activity stemmed from ignitions thereon.

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Data availability

Data will be made freely available to individuals for further scientific inquiry upon reasonable request to the corresponding author.

Code availability

The code used to produce fire-event data in this study is freely available as per citations in the text.

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Acknowledgements

We thank David Gaveau, Robert Field, and Grahame Appelgate for their comments on earlier versions of this paper.

Funding

This work was supported by funding from the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research via grant FST/2016/144, ‘Improving Community Fire Management and Peatland Rehabilitation in Indonesia’, as well as from the Candian Tri-Agency Scientific Funding Body via a Canada Research Chair, ‘The Human Dimensions of Sustainability and Resilience’.

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  1. Department of Geography, Vancouver Island University, 900 Fifth Street, Nanaimo, B.C., V9R 5S5, Canada

    Sean Sloan

  2. Fenner School of Environment and Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Sean Sloan

  3. Crawford School of Public Policy, College of Asia and the Pacific, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia

    Luca Tacconi

  4. Human-Environment Systems, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA

    Megan E. Cattau

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  1. Sean Sloan
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SS designed the study, produced and analyzed data, and authored the manuscript. LT co-authored the manuscript. MEC produced data and reviewed the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Sean Sloan.

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Sloan, S., Tacconi, L. & Cattau, M.E. Fire prevention in managed landscapes: Recent success and challenges in Indonesia. Mitig Adapt Strateg Glob Change 26, 32 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-021-09965-2

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