Lactic acid can synthesize high value-added chemicals such as poly lactic acid. In order to further minimize the cost of lactic acid production, some effective strategies (e.g., effective mutagenesis and metabolic engineering) have been applied to increase productive capacity of lactic acid bacteria. In addition, low-cost cheap raw materials (e.g., cheap carbon source and cheap nitrogen source) are also used to reduce the cost of lactic acid production. In this review, we summarized the recent developments in lactic acid production, including efficient strain modification technology (high-efficiency mutagenesis means, adaptive laboratory evolution, and metabolic engineering), the use of low-cost cheap raw materials, and also discussed the future prospects of this field, which could promote the development of lactic acid industry.

乳酸可合成聚乳酸等高附加值化学品。为了进一步降低乳酸生产的成本，一些有效的策略（例如，有效的诱变和代谢工程）已被应用于提高乳酸菌的生产能力。此外，低成本的廉价原料（如廉价的碳源和廉价的氮源）也被用于降低乳酸生产成本。在这篇综述中，我们总结了乳酸生产的最新进展，包括高效菌株修饰技术（高效诱变手段、适应性实验室进化和代谢工程）、低成本廉价原材料的使用，并讨论了未来该领域前景广阔，可促进乳酸产业的发展。