We describe in this study the analysis of small and large horizontal-scale gravity waves from datasets composed of images from multiple mesospheric airglow emissions as well as multistatic specular meteor radar (MSMR) winds collected in early November 2018, during the SIMONe–2018 (Spread-spectrum Interferometric Multi-static meteor radar Observing Network) campaign. These ground-based measurements are supported by temperature and neutral density profiles from TIMED/SABER (Thermosphere, Ionosphere, Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry) satellite in orbits near Kühlungsborn, northern Germany (54.1^∘ N, 11.8^∘ E). The scientific goals here include the characterization of gravity waves and their interaction with the mean flow in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere and their relationship to dynamical conditions in the lower and upper atmosphere. We have obtained intrinsic parameters of small- and large-scale gravity waves and characterized their impact in the mesosphere via momentum flux (F_M) and momentum flux divergence (F_D) estimations. We have verified that a small percentage of the detected wave events is responsible for most of F_M measured during the campaign from oscillations seen in the airglow brightness and MSMR winds taken over 45 h during four nights of clear-sky observations. From the analysis of small-scale gravity waves (λ_h < 725 km) seen in airglow images, we have found F_M ranging from 0.04–24.74 m² s⁻² (1.62 ± 2.70 m² s⁻² on average). However, small-scale waves with F_M > 3 m² s⁻² (11 % of the events) transport 50 % of the total measured F_M. Likewise, wave events of F_M > 10 m² s⁻² (2 % of the events) transport 20 % of the total. The examination of large-scale waves (λ_h > 725 km) seen simultaneously in airglow keograms and MSMR winds revealed amplitudes > 35 %, which translates into F_M = 21.2–29.6 m² s⁻². In terms of gravity-wave–mean-flow interactions, these large F_M waves could cause decelerations of F_D = 22–41 m s⁻¹ d⁻¹ (small-scale waves) and F_D = 38–43 m s⁻¹ d⁻¹ (large-scale waves) if breaking or dissipating within short distances in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region.

中文翻译：

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通过气辉图像、多基地流星雷达和 SIMONE-2018 活动期间获得的 SABRE 数据估计的中间层重力波活动

我们在本研究中描述了对来自多个中间层气辉发射图像以及 2018 年 11 月上旬在 SIMONe–2018（Spread -光谱干涉多静态流星雷达观测网络）活动。这些地面测量得到了来自德国北部屈^隆斯伯恩附近轨道上的 TIMED/SABER（热层、电离层、中间层能量学和动力学/大气探测）卫星的温度和中性密度剖面的支持，该卫星位于德国北部 Kühlungsborn（54.1 ^∘  N，11.8）附近^∘ E)。这里的科学目标包括重力波的表征及其与中间层和低层热层平均流的相互作用，以及它们与低层和高层大气动力学条件的关系。我们已经获得了小型和大型重力波的内在参数，并通过动量通量 ( F _M ) 和动量通量发散 ( F _D ) 估计来表征它们在中间层的影响。我们已经证实，一小部分检测到的波浪事件是造成大部分F _{M 的原因}在活动期间根据在四晚晴空观测中超过 45 小时的气辉亮度和 MSMR 风中观察到的振荡进行测量。通过对气辉 图像中看到的小尺度重力波（λ _h  < 725 km）的分析，我们发现F _{M 的}范围为 0.04-24.74 m ²  s ^-2（平均为1.62  ±  2.70 m ²  s ^-2）。然而，F _M  >  3 m ²  s ^-2（事件的11%）的小尺度波传输了总测量F _{M 的}50% 。同样，F _{M 的}波动事件 >  10 m ²  s ⁻²（事件的 2 %）运输总量的 20 %。 在气辉 keograms 和 MSMR 风中同时看到的大尺度波 ( λ _h  > 725 km) 的检查显示振幅>  35 %，转换为F _M  =  21.2–29.6 m ²  s ^-2。在重力波-平均流相互作用方面，这些大F _M波可能导致F _D  =  22-41 m s ^-1  d ^-1（小尺度波）和F _D  =  38-43 m s 的减速^-1  d ^-1（大尺度波）如果在中间层和低热层区域在短距离内破裂或消散。