Journal of Coatings Technology and Research ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-10 , DOI: 10.1007/s11998-021-00519-4 Ozana Almeida Lessa 1 , Iasnaia Maria de Carvalho Tavares 2 , Lucas Oliveira Souza 2 , Lucas Galhardo Pimenta Tienne 3 , Matheus Cordazzo Dias 4 , Gustavo Henrique Denzin Tonoli 4 , Eduardo Valério de Barros Vilas Boas 5 , Selma Gomes Ferreira Leite 6 , Melissa Limoeiro Estrada Gutarra 6, 7 , Muhammad Irfan 8 , Muhammad Bilal 9 , Marcelo Franco 10
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Cellulosic nanofibrils from cocoa shells were used in this study to produce biodegradable films from a residue naturally rich in bioactive compounds, while reserving these compounds. The nanofibrils were obtained by mechanical defibrillation without chemical or enzymatic pretreatment. The nanofibril gel was evaluated in biodegradable films, for the first time, with the addition of glycerol as a plasticizer in the proportions of 0, 1, 3, 5, and 7% (w/w). The morphological characteristics, thermal analysis, mechanical properties (rupture tensile, maximum rupture elongation, and Young’s modulus), water vapor permeability, and water solubility of the films were investigated. In addition, the residue was analyzed and compared to the films by the FTIR technique to prove the maintenance of functional groups characteristic of antioxidant activity. The use of 3% and 5% glycerol as a plasticizer showed the best mechanical characteristics—reduced water vapor permeation and increased degradation in water. The pure nanofibril film demonstrated greater thermal stability. It was possible to identify the maintenance of aromatic groups and phenols in the residue from all cocoa shell nanofibril films. This study contributes to the future application of cocoa shell nanofibers in the production of edible films, coatings, and packaging materials. It recommends their application in cocoa and chocolate products due to the compatibility of smell and color.
Graphic abstract
中文翻译：
由含有生物活性化合物的可可壳纳米纤维制成的新型可生物降解薄膜
在这项研究中，来自可可壳的纤维素纳米纤维被用于从天然富含生物活性化合物的残留物中生产可生物降解的薄膜，同时保留这些化合物。纳米原纤维是通过机械除颤获得的，无需化学或酶促预处理。首次在可生物降解的薄膜中评估了纳米纤维凝胶，其中添加了 0、1、3、5 和 7% (w/w) 的甘油作为增塑剂。研究了薄膜的形态特征、热分析、机械性能（断裂拉伸、最大断裂伸长率和杨氏模量）、水蒸气渗透率和水溶性。此外，通过 FTIR 技术对残留物进行分析并与薄膜进行比较，以证明具有抗氧化活性特征的官能团的保持。使用 3% 和 5% 的甘油作为增塑剂显示出最佳的机械特性——减少水蒸气渗透并增加水中降解。纯纳米原纤维薄膜表现出更高的热稳定性。可以从所有可可壳纳米原纤维薄膜中鉴定残留物中芳族基团和酚类的保留。该研究有助于未来可可壳纳米纤维在可食用薄膜、涂料和包装材料生产中的应用。由于气味和颜色的相容性，它建议将它们应用于可可和巧克力产品。可以从所有可可壳纳米原纤维薄膜中鉴定残留物中芳族基团和酚类的保留。该研究有助于未来可可壳纳米纤维在可食用薄膜、涂料和包装材料生产中的应用。由于气味和颜色的相容性，它建议将它们应用于可可和巧克力产品。可以从所有可可壳纳米原纤维薄膜中鉴定残留物中芳族基团和酚类的保留。该研究有助于未来可可壳纳米纤维在可食用薄膜、涂料和包装材料生产中的应用。由于气味和颜色的相容性，它建议将它们应用于可可和巧克力产品。
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