Olive (O. europaea L.) is an expanding crop in the south of Brazil. Blossom blight and typical anthracnose symptoms on fruit were observed in olive trees in an orchard in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Fungi were isolated from symptomatic flowers. Fungal isolates were confirmed as pathogenic after Koch’s postulates were fulfilled. Blossom blight and typical anthracnose symptoms with salmon conidial masses were observed in flowers of cultivars Arbosana and Arbequina, at 96 h after inoculation (hai), and on fruits of cultivar Arbosana, at 120 hai. The identification of the pathogens was carried out using a polyphasic analysis approach, combining morphological and molecular characters of specific genomic regions (ITS, GAPDH, ACT, HIS3, and TUB2). Morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses revealed the isolates as Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum nymphaeae. Until now, the species C. nymphaeae had not been identified as causing anthracnose in olive trees in Brazil.

橄榄（O. europaea L.）是巴西南部的一种种植作物。在巴西南里奥格兰德州的一个果园的橄榄树上观察到了开花枯萎病和典型的炭疽病症状。从有症状的花中分离出真菌。在满足 Koch 假设后，真菌分离物被确认为致病菌。在栽培品种 Arbosana 和 Arbequina 的花中，在接种后 96 小时（hai）和栽培品种 Arbosana 的果实中，在接种后 120 海时观察到花枯病和具有鲑鱼分生孢子团块的典型炭疽病症状。病原体的鉴定是使用多相分析方法进行的，结合特定基因组区域（ITS、GAPDH、ACT、HIS3和管2）。形态学特征和系统发育分析表明，分离株为Colletotrichum acutatum和Colletotrichum nymphaeae。到目前为止，物种C . 尚未确定睡莲是导致巴西橄榄树炭疽病的原因。