Global acreage of forested lands has increased in some countries. At least some of this increase is due to the natural conversion of abandoned agricultural lands into forests. However, little is known about how these new stands develop on abandoned agricultural lands in comparison with natural regeneration of existing forests. Specifically, knowledge of how black pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) naturally establishes and develops on abandoned agricultural lands is limited. In this study, we examined the density and growth of black pine saplings as well as some morphological and anatomical characteristics on an abandoned agricultural land (AAS). These data were compared with those observed in a naturally regenerated stand (NRS), and in a forest opening (FOS). The greatest sapling density was observed in the NRS site, while sapling growth and stem biomass were higher in AAS followed by NRS and FOS. Moreover, each study site exhibited site-specific morphological and anatomical traits in their saplings. Our findings showed that site treatments and overstory openness would both play crucial role for establishment and development of black pine.

一些国家的全球林地面积有所增加。至少部分增长是由于废弃的农业用地自然转变为森林。然而，与现有森林的自然更新相比，人们对这些新林分如何在废弃的农田上发展知之甚少。具体来说，了解黑松（Pinus nigraArnold) 在废弃的农田上自然建立和发展是有限的。在这项研究中，我们检查了废弃农田 (AAS) 上黑松树苗的密度和生长情况以及一些形态和解剖特征。这些数据与在自然再生林分 (NRS) 和森林开放 (FOS) 中观察到的数据进行了比较。在 NRS 站点观察到最大的树苗密度，而 AAS 中的树苗生长和茎生物量较高，其次是 NRS 和 FOS。此外，每个研究地点的树苗都表现出特定地点的形态学和解剖学特征。我们的研究结果表明，场地处理和覆盖层的开放都对黑松的建立和发展起着至关重要的作用。