Biochar (BC) is known to enhance plant growth and may activate plant resistance to various soil borne pathogens. In this experiment, the rice husk (RH) BC was combined with biocontrol agents (BCAs), Bacillus subtilis and Trichoderma harzianum against Meloidogyne incognita in tomato and the efficacy of BC and BCAs in boosting overall plant biomass assessed side by side. BCAs along with 3% RH BC were applied to potting soil, tomato plants were transplanted, and then the soil was inoculated with second stage juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. Bacillus subtilis +3% RH BC improved overall plant growth and reduced M. incognita damage. To unravel the resistance at the molecular level, root samples were taken 6‑ and 12-days post inoculation (dpi) to measure the expression of two resistance genes, PR-1b and JERF3, with the help of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The expression of PR-1b was upregulated 6 dpi for only BCAs while JERF3 remained unchanged except in only Bacillus subtilis treated plants. Similarly, the expression of both genes was found to be upregulated in some combined treatments at 12 dpi. The results suggested that the 3% BC application with BCAs effectively manages root-knot nematode, enhances overall plant biomass, and triggers defense related genes in tomato plants.

众所周知，生物炭 (BC) 可以促进植物生长，并可以激活植物对各种土壤传播病原体的抵抗力。在该实验中，稻壳 (RH) BC 与生物防治剂 (BCA)、枯草芽孢杆菌和哈茨木霉结合对抗番茄中的南方根结线虫，并同时评估了 BC 和 BCA 在提高整体植物生物量方面的功效。将BCAs和3%RH BC施于盆栽土壤中，移植番茄植株，然后在土壤中接种南方根结线虫二期幼虫。枯草芽孢杆菌+3% RH BC 改善了整体植物生长并减少了南方根结线虫损害。为了在分子水平上解开抗性，在接种后 6 天和 12 天 (dpi) 采集根样本，在定量实时聚合酶链反应的帮助下测量两种抗性基因 PR-1b 和 JERF3 的表达(qRT-PCR)。PR-1b 的表达仅对 BCA 上调 6 dpi，而 JERF3 保持不变，除了仅在枯草芽孢杆菌处理的植物中。类似地，发现两种基因的表达在 12 dpi 的一些组合处理中上调。结果表明，3% BC 与 BCA 的应用有效地控制了根结线虫，提高了整体植物生物量，并触发了番茄植物中的防御相关基因。