Selenium (Se) is an antioxidant and immunomodulator that can participate in the control of specific endocrine pathways. Disturbance of redox homeostasis is closely related to the pathogenesis of many diseases. Se is also an important nutrient element for dairy cows. First, oxidative stress (OS) induced by Se deficiency was investigated along with a possible mechanism of its induction of mammary gland inflammation. This investigation used in vivo and in vitro experiments for verification. Once the OS response was triggered, the activity of antioxidant enzymes was reduced by regulation of the concentration of Se, which led to the accumulation of ROS. TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 secretion was promoted to activate the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. This process further promoted the accumulation of cytokines that aggravated the inflammatory response. Herein, it was verified that Se deficiency induces OS, which leads to ROS accumulation and the secretion of inflammatory factors to activate the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway and promote the occurrence of mastitis.

中文翻译：

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硒缺乏通过激活奶牛的 NF-κB 和 MAPK 通路促进氧化应激诱导的乳腺炎。

硒 (Se) 是一种抗氧化剂和免疫调节剂，可参与特定内分泌途径的控制。氧化还原稳态的紊乱与许多疾病的发病机制密切相关。硒也是奶牛的重要营养元素。首先，研究了硒缺乏引起的氧化应激（OS）及其诱导乳腺炎症的可能机制。本研究采用体内和体外实验进行验证。一旦 OS 反应被触发，抗氧化酶的活性就会通过调节 Se 的浓度而降低，从而导致 ROS 的积累。促进 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6 的分泌以激活 NF-κB/MAPK 信号通路。这一过程进一步促进了加重炎症反应的细胞因子的积累。在此处，