Environmental Geochemistry and Health ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-28 , DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01068-w Reshu Mandal 1 , Sukhbir Kaur 2 , Vinod Kumar Gupta 3 , Amit Joshi 4
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Heavy metals (HMs) have a very significant clinical role in the pathogenesis, progression and management of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The prevalence of CVDs was reported to be higher in critically environmentally HM-polluted (EHMP) steel industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh (India) for the last more than a decade. To ascertain the role of HMs in the onset of CVDs, the present study was chosen to investigate HMs content in myocardial infarction (MI) patients from EHMP steel industrial town Mandi-Gobindgarh. Total of 110 MI patients along with number- and age-matched healthy volunteers were recruited in the present investigation. The CVDs risk factors estimated in MI patients were overweight (higher body mass index), hypertension (higher systolic and diastolic blood pressures), dyslipidaemia (higher serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lower HDL cholesterol), inflammation (higher-serum C reactive protein and aldosterone) and elevated oxidative stress (higher urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine). An imbalance of serum electrolyte concentrations including Na (hypernatremia), Ca (hypercalcaemia) and K (hypokalaemia) was also observed in MI patients in which CVDs risk factors were found to correlate positively with serum Na and Ca and negatively with serum K, respectively. Hair HM analysis was used as a bio-indicator for monitoring body HM status from past environmental HM exposure in which CVDs risk factors were observed to correlate positively with higher hair concentrations of Zn, Fe, Mo, Pb, As, Ca and Na and negatively with lower hair concentrations of Cu, Mg, Mn and K in MI patients, respectively. Thus, higher hair concentrations of Zn and Pb indicate their higher environmental exposure and possible cause of higher CVDs risk factors in MI patients from Mandi-Gobindgarh.
Graphical abstract
中文翻译：
重金属在严重环境重金属污染的钢铁工业城镇曼迪-戈宾德加尔（印度）中控制心肌梗死患者心血管疾病危险因素
重金属（HMs）在心血管疾病（CVDs）的发病机制、进展和管理中具有非常重要的临床作用。据报道，过去十多年来，严重环境 HM 污染 (EHMP) 钢铁工业城镇 Mandi-Gobindgarh（印度）的 CVD 患病率较高。为了确定 HMs 在 CVDs 发病中的作用，本研究选择调查来自 EHMP 钢铁工业城镇 Mandi-Gobindgarh 的心肌梗塞 (MI) 患者的 HMs 含量。本次调查共招募了 110 名 MI 患者以及数量和年龄匹配的健康志愿者。在 MI 患者中估计的 CVD 风险因素是超重（较高的体重指数）、高血压（较高的收缩压和舒张压）、血脂异常（较高的血清胆固醇、甘油三酯和降低 HDL 胆固醇）、炎症（较高的血清 C 反应蛋白和醛固酮）和升高的氧化应激（较高的尿 8-羟基脱氧鸟苷）。在 MI 患者中也观察到包括 Na（高钠血症）、Ca（高钙血症）和 K（低钾血症）在内的血清电解质浓度不平衡，其中发现 CVD 风险因素分别与血清 Na 和 Ca 呈正相关，与血清 K 呈负相关。头发 HM 分析被用作监测身体 HM 状态的生物指标，从过去的环境 HM 暴露中观察到 CVD 风险因素与较高的 Zn、Fe、Mo、Pb、As、Ca 和 Na 头发浓度呈正相关，与负相关在 MI 患者中，Cu、Mg、Mn 和 K 的头发浓度分别较低。因此，
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