Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN) is a major dose-limiting side effect of many anti-cancer agents, including taxanes, platinums, vinca alkaloids, proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, and antibody–drug conjugates. The resultant symptoms often persist post treatment completion and continue to impact on long-term function and quality of life for cancer survivors. At present, dose reduction remains the only strategy to prevent severe neuropathy, often leading clinicians to the difficult decision of balancing maximal treatment exposure and minimal long-lasting side effects. This review examines the clinical presentations of CIPN with each class of neurotoxic treatment, describing signs, symptoms, and long-term outcomes. We provide an update on the proposed mechanisms of nerve damage and review current data on clinical and genetic risk factors contributing to CIPN development. We also examine recent areas of research in the treatment and prevention of CIPN, with specific focus on current clinical trials and consensus recommendations for CIPN management.

化疗引起的外周神经毒性 (CIPN) 是许多抗癌药物的主要剂量限制性副作用，包括紫杉烷类、铂类、长春花生物碱、蛋白酶体抑制剂、免疫调节药物和抗体药物偶联物。由此产生的症状通常在治疗完成后持续存在，并继续影响癌症幸存者的长期功能和生活质量。目前，减少剂量仍然是预防严重神经病变的唯一策略，这常常导致临床医生在平衡最大治疗暴露和最小长期副作用之间做出艰难的决定。本综述检查了 CIPN 与每类神经毒性治疗的临床表现，描述了体征、症状和长期结果。我们提供了关于神经损伤的拟议机制的最新信息，并审查了导致 CI​​PN 发展的临床和遗传风险因素的当前数据。我们还研究了 CIPN 治疗和预防的最新研究领域，特别关注当前的临床试验和 CIPN 管理的共识建议。