Mathematical statistics, correlation analysis, Piper and Gibbs diagrams, and geographic information system- based multi-criteria decision analysis were used to study the hydrochemical characteristics and identification of hydrochemical ions affected by human activities of the springs in the south of Yanbian City, China. Four criteria were selected: land use/land cover, village density, distance to towns, and distance to main roads. The improved entropy method was used to assign weight to each criterion, followed by evaluating the human activities impact index map, which was used to extract the human activities impact index of springs. The correlation coefficient was calculated to identify the hydrochemical parameters affected by human activities. The results show that the main hydrochemical parameters are Ca²⁺ among cations and HCO₃⁻ among anions. Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, HCO₃⁻, Cl⁻, and total dissolved solids (TDS) have a strong correlation and similar spatial distribution, showing a decreasing trend from northwest to southeast. Most hydrochemical parameters show a similar spatial distribution trend. The hydrochemical types of springs are HCO₃-Ca, HCO₃-Ca•Mg, HCO₃-Na•Ca, and HCO₃-Ca. In the study area, Na⁺, K⁺, TFe, Mn²⁺, F⁻, PO₄³⁻, and oxygen consumption are negligibly affected by human activities, Mg²⁺, HCO₃⁻, and Cl⁻ were slightly affected, and TDS and total hardness (TH) were strongly affected. With a correlation coefficient of 0.913, nitrate exhibited the highest correlation with the human activities impact index; it was significantly affected by human activities. We conclude that nitrate was the most affected by human activities, followed by TH, TDS, and other hydrochemical parameters.

采用数理统计、相关分析、Piper-Gibbs图、基于地理信息系统的多准则决策分析等方法研究了延边市南部泉水受人类活动影响的水化学特征及水化学离子识别。选择了四个标准：土地利用/土地覆盖、村庄密度、到城镇的距离和到主要道路的距离。采用改进熵法对各指标进行权重分配，进而评价人为活动影响指数图，提取泉水的人为活动影响指数。计算相关系数以确定受人类活动影响的水化学参数。结果表明，主要水化学参数为Ca ²⁺阳离子之间，HCO ₃ ^-阴离子之间。Ca ²⁺、Mg ²⁺、HCO ₃ ^-、Cl ^-和总溶解固体（TDS）具有很强的相关性和相似的空间分布，呈现出由西北向东南递减的趋势。大多数水化学参数呈现出相似的空间分布趋势。泉水化学类型为HCO ₃ -Ca、HCO ₃ -Ca•Mg、HCO ₃ -Na•Ca、HCO ₃ -Ca。研究区Na ⁺ , K ⁺ , TFe, Mn ²⁺ , F ^- , PO ₄ ^3-, 耗氧量受人类活动影响可忽略不计，Mg ²⁺、HCO ₃ ^-和Cl ^-受到轻微影响，TDS和总硬度（TH）受到较大影响。硝酸盐与人类活动影响指数的相关系数为0.913，相关系数最高；它受到人类活动的严重影响。我们得出结论，硝酸盐受人类活动影响最大，其次是 TH、TDS 和其他水化学参数。