Abstract

Boron oxide-based systems are used for refining metals in pyrometallurgical units and for simulating various metallurgical processes. The aim of this work is to determine the viscosity and electrical conductivity of B₂O₃–CaO–FeO melts as functions of the composition and temperature. The work presents the results of measuring the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of the B₂O₃–CaO systems at B₂O₃/CaO of 3.0, 1.86, and 1.22, respectively, with FeO additives up to 20%. The measurements are carried out in a wide glass-formation temperature range. The viscosity is measured by oscillatory viscometry. The electrical conductivity is measured by a contact method using an ac bridge. The temperature dependences of the viscosity and the electrical conductivity are measured in the temperature range 1100–1750 K. An increase in the melt temperature is shown to lead to a decrease in the viscosity (η) and to an increase in the electrical conductivity (æ) of the melts. In the temperature ranges (T_max–T₁) and (T₁–T₂) corresponding to the high and low temperatures zones of the homogeneous melts, the viscosity and the electrical conductivity exhibit linear dependences in the ln(η)–1/T and ln(æ)–1/T coordinates. The activation energies of the viscous flow (E_η) and the electrical conductivity (E_ϰ) are determined. At high temperatures, the activation energy of the viscous flow of the melts changes from 13 to 103 kJ/mol and changes from 59.7 to 185 kJ/mol as temperature decreases. A comparison of E_η and E_ϰ shows that their ratio is not a constant value. This fact indicates that groups responsible for the viscous flow and the electrical conductivity are different. In the temperature range T₂–T_min, there is a segment with a nonlinear dependence, where glass transition occurs over the entire range of changes (B₂O₃/CaO is 3.0). The glass transition takes place up to temperatures of 1150 K (B₂O₃/CaO is 1.86) with subsequent formation of crystallites and with partial solidification of the melt in the measurement temperature range (B₂O₃/Ca is 1.22). The results are used to describe the structures of the borate melts. In addition, the information obtained is useful for recommending the melt compositions used for refining metals in pyrometallurgical units.

中文翻译：

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B2O3-CaO-FeO 熔体的粘度和电导率

摘要

基于氧化硼的系统用于在火法冶金装置中精炼金属和模拟各种冶金过程。这项工作的目的是确定 B ₂ O ₃ -CaO-FeO 熔体的粘度和电导率作为成分和温度的函数。作品呈现测量粘度和B的电导率的结果_2个ö ₃ -CaO系统中B ₂ ö ₃/CaO 分别为 3.0、1.86 和 1.22，FeO 添加剂高达 20%。测量是在很宽的玻璃形成温度范围内进行的。粘度通过振荡粘度测定法测量。电导率是通过使用交流电桥的接触法测量的。粘度和电导率的温度依赖性在 1100-1750 K 的温度范围内测量。显示熔体温度的增加导致粘度 (η) 降低和电导率 (? ) 的熔体。在温度范围 ( T _max – T ₁ ) 和 ( T ₁ – T ₂) 对应于均质熔体的高温和低温区，粘度和电导率在 ln(η)–1/ T和 ln(æ)–1/ T坐标中表现出线性相关性。粘性流的活化能 ( E _η ) 和电导率 ( E _ϰ ) 被确定。在高温下，熔体粘性流的活化能从 13 到 103 kJ/mol，随着温度的降低，从 59.7 到 185 kJ/mol。的比较ë _η和Ë _κ表明它们的比率不是一个常数值。这一事实表明负责粘性流动和导电性的组是不同的。在温度范围T ₂ – T _{min 中}，有一段具有非线性相关性，其中玻璃化转变发生在整个变化范围内（B ₂ O ₃ /CaO 为 3.0）。玻璃化转变发生在高达 1150 K 的温度（B ₂ O ₃ /CaO 为 1.86），随后形成微晶并在测量温度范围内部分固化熔体 (B ₂ O ₃/Ca 为 1.22）。结果用于描述硼酸盐熔体的结构。此外，所获得的信息可用于推荐用于火法冶金装置精炼金属的熔体成分。