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Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of B2O3–CaO–FeO Melts

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Abstract

Boron oxide-based systems are used for refining metals in pyrometallurgical units and for simulating various metallurgical processes. The aim of this work is to determine the viscosity and electrical conductivity of B2O3–CaO–FeO melts as functions of the composition and temperature. The work presents the results of measuring the viscosity and the electrical conductivity of the B2O3–CaO systems at B2O3/CaO of 3.0, 1.86, and 1.22, respectively, with FeO additives up to 20%. The measurements are carried out in a wide glass-formation temperature range. The viscosity is measured by oscillatory viscometry. The electrical conductivity is measured by a contact method using an ac bridge. The temperature dependences of the viscosity and the electrical conductivity are measured in the temperature range 1100–1750 K. An increase in the melt temperature is shown to lead to a decrease in the viscosity (η) and to an increase in the electrical conductivity (æ) of the melts. In the temperature ranges (Tmax–T1) and (T1–T2) corresponding to the high and low temperatures zones of the homogeneous melts, the viscosity and the electrical conductivity exhibit linear dependences in the ln(η)–1/T and ln(æ)–1/T coordinates. The activation energies of the viscous flow (Eη) and the electrical conductivity (Eϰ) are determined. At high temperatures, the activation energy of the viscous flow of the melts changes from 13 to 103 kJ/mol and changes from 59.7 to 185 kJ/mol as temperature decreases. A comparison of Eη and Eϰ shows that their ratio is not a constant value. This fact indicates that groups responsible for the viscous flow and the electrical conductivity are different. In the temperature range T2–Tmin, there is a segment with a nonlinear dependence, where glass transition occurs over the entire range of changes (B2O3/CaO is 3.0). The glass transition takes place up to temperatures of 1150 K (B2O3/CaO is 1.86) with subsequent formation of crystallites and with partial solidification of the melt in the measurement temperature range (B2O3/Ca is 1.22). The results are used to describe the structures of the borate melts. In addition, the information obtained is useful for recommending the melt compositions used for refining metals in pyrometallurgical units.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, project no. 18-29-24093mk.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Metallurgy, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Yekaterinburg, Russia

    A. S. Vusikhis, E. N. Selivanov, V. V. Ryabov & V. P. Chentsov

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  1. A. S. Vusikhis
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  2. E. N. Selivanov
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  3. V. V. Ryabov
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  4. V. P. Chentsov
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Correspondence to A. S. Vusikhis.

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Translated by Yu. Ryzhkov

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Vusikhis, A.S., Selivanov, E.N., Ryabov, V.V. et al. Viscosity and Electrical Conductivity of B2O3–CaO–FeO Melts. Russ. Metall. 2021, 969–977 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0036029521080243

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