Fusariosis, one of the phytosanitary problems found in rubber producing areas in the northwest of the state of São Paulo, is a disease that affects the bark of the adult plants, affecting the exploitation of latex. The typical symptoms appear as cracks in the bark that expand from the rootstock towards the tapping panel, causing a drying of the latex flux in the injured region, impeding latex tapping. Due to the recent incidence of this disease in rubber plantations, the goal of this study was to characterize the Fusarium associated with symptomatic rubber tissue in three different locations in the state of São Paulo. In order to identify Fusarium species, pathogenicity, morphological, cultural and molecular studies were carried out. A total of 51 isolates were obtained and separated into three groups based on macroconidium morphology, presence or absence of sporodochia, types of chlamydospores, formation of phialides and conidiogenesis of microconidia and mesoconidia, mycelial growth rate and coloring of the colonies. These groups were corroborated using DNA sequence information for five different genetic loci, and were subsequently recognized as Fusarium oxysporum, F. incarnatum and F. decemcellulare. Our results further showed that all 51 of the Fusarium isolates recovered were pathogenic to rubber tree seedlings of RRIM 600 standard clone. This study also reports for the presence of F. oxysporum and F. incarnatum in rubber plantations in the state of São Paulo and in Brazil.

镰刀菌病是在圣保罗州西北部橡胶产区发现的植物检疫问题之一，是一种影响成年植物树皮的疾病，影响乳胶的开发。典型的症状表现为树皮上的裂缝从砧木向割胶面板扩展，导致受损区域的乳胶通量变干，阻碍了乳胶的割胶。由于该病最近在橡胶种植园中发生，本研究的目标是表征与圣保罗州三个不同地点有症状的橡胶组织相关的镰刀菌。为了鉴别镰刀菌进行了物种、致病性、形态学、培养和分子研究。根据大分生孢子形态、孢子体的存在与否、厚壁孢子的类型、小分生孢子和中分生孢子的小孢子菌形成和分生孢子发生、菌丝体生长速度和菌落着色，共获得51个分离株并分为三组。这些组使用五个不同基因位点的 DNA 序列信息得到证实，随后被识别为尖孢镰刀菌、F. incarnatum和F. decemcellulare。我们的结果进一步表明，镰刀菌的所有 51回收的分离株对 RRIM 600 标准克隆的橡胶树幼苗具有致病性。该研究还报告了在圣保罗州和巴西的橡胶种植园中存在尖孢镰刀菌和化身镰刀菌的情况。