Laboratory and epidemiological researches have indicated that ambient air particulate matter have a plays critical role in causing diseases. The current research evaluated the chemical attributes of PM2.5 in the ambient air of the cities of Karaj and Fardis and determined its toxicological effects on human lung epithelial cells (A549). In the study city, 16 points were selected from the two high-traffic and low-traffic points for sampling. A sampling of ambient air was carried out in spring, summer, autumn, and winter 2018–19. Air sampling was performed for 24 h according to the EPA-TO/13A guidelines. To analyze of toxic metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), ICP-OES and GC-MS were used, respectively, and for cell toxicity analysis, an ELISA reader was used. Then from SPSS, Excel and R software were used for statistical analysis. The results of the current study indicated that the concentration of PAHs carcinogenic in the autumn season in high-traffic stations was the highest and equal to 9.3 ng/m³, and in the spring season in the low-traffic stations, it was the lowest and equal to 5.82 ng/m³. In general, during the period of study, Heavy metals including Zn, Fe, Pb, Cu, and Al had the highest concentration compared to other metals. However, Hg, Cr, As, Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn were higher concentration in the winter and autumn seasons than in the spring and summer seasons. Cell viability measurements by using MTT showed that low-traffic and high-traffic stations had the highest toxicity in autumn season compared to other seasons. (p < 0.05). In general, high-traffic stations had the highest toxicity than low-traffic stations. The general conclusion of the present study was that PM2.5–bound PAHs and toxic metals, due to their high concentration, were toxic pollutants in air for residents of Karaj and Fardis. Also, the high concentration of PM2.5 caused the mitochondrial activity of A549 cells to stop and this stop was more significant in cold seasons and high-traffic areas.

实验室和流行病学研究表明，环境空气颗粒物在引起疾病方面起着至关重要的作用。目前的研究评估了卡拉季市和法迪斯市环境空气中 PM2.5 的化学属性，并确定了其对人肺上皮细胞的毒理学影响 (A549)。在研究城市中，从高客流量和低客流量两个点中选取16个点进行抽样。 2018-19年春季、夏季、秋季和冬季对环境空气进行了采样。根据 EPA-TO/13A 指南，对空气进行 24 小时采样。为了分析有毒金属和多环芳烃 (PAH)，分别使用 ICP-OES 和 GC-MS，并使用 ELISA 读数器进行细胞毒性分析。然后利用SPSS、Excel和R软件进行统计分析。本次研究结果表明，人流量大的车站秋季PAHs致癌浓度最高，为9.3ng/m ³ ，人流量少的车站春季最低。且等于5.82ng/m ³ 。总体而言，在研究期间，与其他金属相比，锌、铁、铅、铜和铝等重金属的浓度最高。而Hg、Cr、As、Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn的含量冬、秋季高于春、夏季。使用 MTT 进行的细胞活力测量表明，与其他季节相比，秋季低流量站和高流量站的毒性最高。 （p< 0.05）。一般来说，高流量站点比低流量站点具有最高的毒性。本研究的总体结论是 PM2.5 结合多环芳烃和有毒金属由于浓度较高，对卡拉季和法迪斯的居民来说是空气中的有毒污染物。此外，高浓度PM2.5导致A549细胞线粒体活性停止，这种停止在寒冷季节和人流量大的地区更为显着。