Bighead carps (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) represent an important component of freshwater ichthiofauna in its native range, though they might become mass propagation in other systems (North America) and the reason of concern for fisheries management. Therefore, understanding their reproductive traits and particularly in the context of hybridization with other cyprinids was of value to explain their rapid propagation as well as potential benefits for aquaculture due to their unique diet, behavior, growth potential, and tolerance to deteriorating environmental conditions in freshwater ecosystems. Distant hybridization is an effective tool to create different ploidy offspring with changed phenotypes and genotypes. In this study, we reported distant hybridization of female koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, KOC, 2n = 100) × male bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, BIC, 2n = 48) and the spontaneous occurrence of two new “crucian” carp-like homodiploid fish (2nGCC-L; 2nCCC-L; 2n = 100), a new type of triploid hybrid (3nKB, 3n = 124), and a new type of tetraploid hybrid (4nKB, 4n = 148). The body color of 2nGCC-L and 2nCCC-L were gray and multicolor, respectively. Both phenotypes were similar to the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The difference was that their heads were rounder than those of the crucian carp and they had higher backs. Compared with the KOC with two pairs of barbels and BIC without barbel, 2nGCC-L, 2nCCC-L, and 4nKB had no barbel, but 3nKB had one pair of barbels. Microsatellite patterns and 5S rDNA sequences confirmed that 2nGCC-L, 2nCCC-L, and 3nKB were of hybrid origin. In regard to feeding, KOC was omnivorous and BIC was a typical filter-feeder. However, the 2nGCC-L, 2nCCC-L, and 3nKB were omnivorous. The formation of four kinds of new offspring is a groundbreaking finding in fish genetic breeding and evolutionary biology.

鳙鱼 ( Hypophthalmichthys nobilis ) 和鲢( Hypophthalmichthys molitrix )) 是其原生范围内淡水鱼尾动物群的一个重要组成部分，尽管它们可能会在其他系统（北美）中大规模繁殖，并成为渔业管理关注的原因。因此，了解它们的繁殖特性，特别是在与其他鲤科鱼类杂交的背景下，对于解释它们的快速繁殖以及由于其独特的饮食、行为、生长潜力和对淡水环境恶化的耐受性而对水产养殖的潜在益处具有重要意义。生态系统。远距离杂交是创造具有改变的表型和基因型的不同倍性后代的有效工具。在这项研究中，我们报道了雌性锦鲤 ( Cyprinus carpio haematopterus , KOC, 2 n = 100) × 雄性鳙鱼 ( Hypophthalmichthys nobilis , BIC, 2 n  = 48) 和两条新的“鲫鱼”类同二倍体鱼 (2nGCC-L; 2nCCC-L; 2 n  = 100)的自发发生，一种新的三倍体杂种类型 (3nKB, 3 n  = 124) 和一种新型四倍体杂种 (4nKB, 4 n  = 148)。2nGCC-L和2nCCC-L的体色分别为灰色和多色。两种表型都类似于鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）。不同的是，它们的头部比鲫鱼的头部更圆，背部更高。与有两对触须的KOC和无触须的BIC相比，2nGCC-L、2nCCC-L和4nKB没有触须，而3nKB有一对触须。微卫星模式和 5S rDNA 序列证实 2nGCC-L、2nCCC-L 和 3nKB 是杂种来源。在饲养方面，KOC是杂食性的，BIC是典型的滤食性动物。然而，2nGCC-L、2nCCC-L 和 3nKB 是杂食性的。四种新后代的形成是鱼类遗传育种和进化生物学的突破性发现。