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Two New Types of Homodiploid Fish and Polyploid Hybrids Derived from the Distant Hybridization of Female Koi Carp and Male Bighead Carp

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Abstract

Bighead carps  (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis) and silver carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) represent an important component of freshwater ichthiofauna in its native range, though they might become mass propagation in other systems (North America) and the reason of concern for fisheries management. Therefore, understanding their reproductive traits and particularly in the context of hybridization with other cyprinids was of value to explain their rapid propagation as well as potential benefits for aquaculture due to their unique diet, behavior, growth potential, and tolerance to deteriorating environmental conditions in freshwater ecosystems. Distant hybridization is an effective tool to create different ploidy offspring with changed phenotypes and genotypes. In this study, we reported distant hybridization of female koi carp (Cyprinus carpio haematopterus, KOC, 2n = 100) × male bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis, BIC, 2n = 48) and the spontaneous occurrence of two new “crucian” carp-like homodiploid fish (2nGCC-L; 2nCCC-L; 2n = 100), a new type of triploid hybrid (3nKB, 3n = 124), and a new type of tetraploid hybrid (4nKB, 4n = 148). The body color of 2nGCC-L and 2nCCC-L were gray and multicolor, respectively. Both phenotypes were similar to the crucian carp (Carassius auratus). The difference was that their heads were rounder than those of the crucian carp and they had higher backs. Compared with the KOC with two pairs of barbels and BIC without barbel, 2nGCC-L, 2nCCC-L, and 4nKB had no barbel, but 3nKB had one pair of barbels. Microsatellite patterns and 5S rDNA sequences confirmed that 2nGCC-L, 2nCCC-L, and 3nKB were of hybrid origin. In regard to feeding, KOC was omnivorous and BIC was a typical filter-feeder. However, the 2nGCC-L, 2nCCC-L, and 3nKB were omnivorous. The formation of four kinds of new offspring is a groundbreaking finding in fish genetic breeding and evolutionary biology.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to sincerely appreciate many researchers who helped to complete this manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 31430088, 31730098, 31702328), USDA NIFA GRANT12371864: New Strategy for Eradication of Asian Carps, the Key Research and Development Project of Hunan Province (Grant No. 2016NK2130), the earmarked fund for China Agriculture Research System (Grant No. CARS-45), Hunan Provincial Natural Science and Technology Major Project (Grant No. 2017NK1031), the Cooperative Innovation Center of Engineering and New Products for Developmental Biology of Hunan Province (Grant No. 20134486). Funds for this project provide funding for reagents, consumables, and laboratory apparatus for this study.

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Author notes

  1. Yude Wang and Jiajun Yao contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, 410081, China

    Yude Wang, Jiajun Yao, Yaxin Luo, Huifang Tan, Xu Huang, Shi Wang, Qinbo Qin, Chun Zhang, Min Tao & Shaojun Liu

  2. School of Environment and Natural Resources, the Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Road, OH, 43210, Columbus, USA

    Konrad Dabrowski

Authors
  1. Yude Wang
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  2. Jiajun Yao
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  3. Yaxin Luo
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  4. Huifang Tan
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  5. Xu Huang
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  6. Shi Wang
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  9. Min Tao
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  10. Konrad Dabrowski
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Konrad Dabrowski or Shaojun Liu.

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The fish treatments were reviewed and approved by the Institute of Experiment Animals, Hunan Province, China. All fish were deeply anesthetized using 100 mg/L MS-222 (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) before dissection.

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Wang, Y., Yao, J., Luo, Y. et al. Two New Types of Homodiploid Fish and Polyploid Hybrids Derived from the Distant Hybridization of Female Koi Carp and Male Bighead Carp. Mar Biotechnol 23, 628–640 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-021-10050-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-021-10050-7

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