Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is characterized by broad clinical symptoms in brain insult by external damages to the skull. TBI potentially leads to severe physical, cognitive, and emotional impairment. The complex biochemical reactions of inflammatory processes in TBI significantly influence brain function and clinical sequelae’s overall severity. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has become a promising therapeutic field of treatment for serious injuries due to its ability to regulate the inflammatory microenvironment. In this study, we aimed to investigate MSC’s anti-inflammatory ability through regulating leukocyte, neutrophils, and inflammatory factors (IL-6, CRP, and TNF-a), thereby reducing the trauma in the TBI. Biological effects of autologous MNC and MSC cell transplantation have been studied in 40 patients with molded TBI, after being filtered according to appropriate criteria. All patients initially received MNCs and subsequently MSCs (both intravenously) followed by continuous monitoring during treatment (2 months) with clinical cognitive indicators. The results after transplantation MSC indicated that the majority of patients experienced improved health function in different degrees during the follow-up period. Lower serum levels of inflammatory factors, leukocytes, and neutrophils population were detected following the transplantation compared with the levels prior to treatment and with the control patients. No severe symptoms were observed in patients after transplantation, despite 3–4 death cases in each group. Overall, the present study suggests that transplantation of MSC possibly regulates inflammatory factors and appears to be safe in TBI treatment.

创伤性脑损伤 (TBI) 的特点是颅骨外部损伤导致脑损伤的广泛临床症状。TBI 可能导致严重的身体、认知和情绪障碍。TBI 炎症过程的复杂生化反应显着影响大脑功能和临床后遗症的整体严重程度。间充质干细胞疗法由于其调节炎症微环境的能力，已成为治疗严重损伤的有前景的治疗领域。在这项研究中，我们旨在通过调节白细胞、中性粒细胞和炎症因子（IL-6、CRP 和 TNF-a）来研究 MSC 的抗炎能力，从而减少 TBI 的创伤。自体 MNC 和 MSC 细胞移植的生物学效应已在 40 例模制 TBI 患者中进行了研究，根据适当的标准过滤后。所有患者最初接受 MNCs 和随后的 MSCs（均静脉注射），然后在治疗期间（2 个月）持续监测临床认知指标。移植MSC后的结果表明，大多数患者在随访期间出现不同程度的健康功能改善。与治疗前和对照患者的水平相比，移植后检测到的炎症因子、白细胞和中性粒细胞群的血清水平较低。尽管每组有 3-4 例死亡病例，但移植后患者未观察到严重症状。总体而言，本研究表明，MSC 移植可能调节炎症因子，并且在 TBI 治疗中似乎是安全的。