Medical information management has progressed in the last few years because of the advances in information technologies. Nowadays, it is possible to share medical images among specialists geographically distant to interpret, discuss, and get improved diagnostics. However, any alteration of transmitted image metadata may lead to issues related to information security, such as detachment and authentication. Detachment refers to link the data of an electronic patient record to an incorrect medical image, while authentication aims to identify the image source. These security problems are critical as they may cause the loss of sensitive data or wrong medical diagnoses. Digital watermarking is an emerging technique that faces these security problems as it allows to embed the metadata directly into the medical image. This paper proposes a hybrid and robust watermarking technique to prevent detachment and authenticate medical images. The quantization index modulation algorithm under dither modulation in conjunction with forwarding error correction is used to embed relevant metadata as a robust-imperceptible watermarking to avoid detachment. The visible-imperceptible watermarking paradigm, whose use is an innovation in medical images, is applied to insert a second watermark in the spatial domain to perform authentication. The experimental results show the contribution of the proposed scheme and its efficiency regarding robustness and imperceptibility.

由于信息技术的进步，医疗信息管理在过去几年取得了进步。如今，可以在地理上相距较远的专家之间共享医学图像，以进行解释、讨论和改进诊断。但是，传输图像元数据的任何更改都可能导致与信息安全相关的问题，例如分离和身份验证。分离是指将电子病历的数据链接到不正确的医学图像，而身份验证旨在识别图像来源。这些安全问题至关重要，因为它们可能会导致敏感数据丢失或错误的医疗诊断。数字水印是一种新兴技术，它面临这些安全问题，因为它允许将元数据直接嵌入到医学图像中。本文提出了一种混合且鲁棒的水印技术，以防止分离和验证医学图像。抖动调制下的量化索引调制算法结合转发纠错，用于嵌入相关元数据作为鲁棒不可察觉的水印，以避免分离。可见-不可察觉水印范式是医学图像中的一项创新，用于在空间域中插入第二个水印以执行身份验证。实验结果表明了所提出的方案的贡献及其在鲁棒性和不可感知性方面的效率。抖动调制下的量化索引调制算法结合转发纠错，用于嵌入相关元数据作为鲁棒不可察觉的水印，以避免分离。可见-不可察觉水印范式是医学图像中的一项创新，用于在空间域中插入第二个水印以执行身份验证。实验结果表明了所提出的方案的贡献及其在鲁棒性和不可感知性方面的效率。抖动调制下的量化索引调制算法结合转发纠错，用于嵌入相关元数据作为鲁棒不可察觉的水印，以避免分离。可见-不可察觉水印范式是医学图像中的一项创新，用于在空间域中插入第二个水印以执行身份验证。实验结果表明了所提出的方案的贡献及其在鲁棒性和不可感知性方面的效率。