Microplastics (MPs) are omnipresent in our surroundings and in the environment, with drinking water being a potential pathway for human exposure. This study investigated the presence of MPs in Danish drinking water from 17 different households and workplaces in Denmark. Samples of tap water were collected using a closed sampling system to decrease airborne contamination, and QA/QC measurements were performed to assess background contamination. Particles >100 µm were visually analysed by stereomicroscopy in combination with spectroscopy analysis (µ-FTIR) to evaluate morphology and chemical composition. An assessment of MP particles down to 10 µm was performed on water samples from three locations using hyperspectral image analysis. The results indicate a low level of MPs in Danish drinking water, with a total of seven MP particles across all samples, comprising PET, PP, PS, and ABS. Microfibers were the most common type of MP-like particles in both drinking water and blanks, but the concentration for all samples was below the limit of detection and could not be differentiated from background contamination. Most of the particles analysed by µ-FTIR were identified as cellulose fibres and a smaller subset as protein. Based on this work, we discuss the status of MP drinking water studies and address challenges and limitations regarding the analysis of MP in drinking water.

中文翻译：

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丹麦自来水中微塑料颗粒的研究

微塑料 (MPs) 在我们周围和环境中无处不在，饮用水是人类接触的潜在途径。本研究调查了丹麦 17 个不同家庭和工作场所的丹麦饮用水中 MP 的存在情况。使用封闭采样系统收集自来水样品以减少空气污染，并进行 QA/QC 测量以评估背景污染。大于 100 µm 的颗粒通过立体显微镜结合光谱分析 (µ-FTIR) 进行目视分析，以评估形态和化学成分。使用高光谱图像分析对来自三个位置的水样进行了小至 10 µm 的 MP 颗粒的评估。结果表明丹麦饮用水中 MPs 含量低，所有样品共有七个 MP 颗粒，包括 PET、PP、PS 和 ABS。微纤维是饮用水和空白中最常见的 MP 样颗粒类型，但所有样品的浓度都低于检测限，无法与背景污染区分开来。µ-FTIR 分析的大多数颗粒被鉴定为纤维素纤维，一小部分被鉴定为蛋白质。基于这项工作，我们讨论了 MP 饮用水研究的现状，并解决了饮用水中 MP 分析的挑战和局限性。µ-FTIR 分析的大多数颗粒被鉴定为纤维素纤维，一小部分被鉴定为蛋白质。基于这项工作，我们讨论了 MP 饮用水研究的现状，并解决了饮用水中 MP 分析的挑战和局限性。µ-FTIR 分析的大多数颗粒被鉴定为纤维素纤维，一小部分被鉴定为蛋白质。基于这项工作，我们讨论了 MP 饮用水研究的现状，并解决了饮用水中 MP 分析的挑战和局限性。