Lakes provide continuous records of past regional and global climate. Most studies utilize single trench section dig from the lake shore margins or from single core in the central part/depocenter of the lakes for paleoclimate reconstruction. These reconstructions are based on the assumption of homogenous sedimentation across the lake. However, single core approach for paleoclimate reconstruction is often debated due to inter-site spatial and temporal variations in sedimentation and proxy responses. Therefore, in the present study, we explored the spatial–temporal heterogeneity in a small post-glacial lake of the Lahaul Himalaya and its influence on paleoclimate reconstruction. The depocenter of lake received ~ 2.5 times higher average sedimentation compared to the shore margin. Despite the distinct sedimentation rate in depocenter and shore margin, environmental magnetic and total organic carbon (TOC) records showed similar environmental signals over equivalent time periods. The depocenter core provided high-resolution lacustrine environment, whereas the marginal trench recorded major shifts in paleoclimate over a longer time scale. New multi-proxy data showed strengthened Indian summer monsoon (ISM) during medieval climate anomaly (MCA) and weakened ISM during little ice age (LIA) in the NW Himalaya.

湖泊提供过去区域和全球气候的连续记录。大多数研究利用从湖岸边缘或从湖泊中央部分/沉积中心的单个核心挖掘的单槽段进行古气候重建。这些重建是基于整个湖的均匀沉积的假设。然而，由于沉积和代理响应的站点间空间和时间变化，古气候重建的单核方法经常受到争论。因此，在本研究中，我们探索了拉胡尔喜马拉雅冰川后小型湖泊的时空异质性及其对古气候重建的影响。与岸边相比，湖泊沉积中心的平均沉积量高约 2.5 倍。尽管沉积中心和海岸边缘有明显的沉积速率，环境磁性和总有机碳 (TOC) 记录在相同的时间段内显示出类似的环境信号。沉积中心核心提供了高分辨率的湖泊环境，而边缘海沟记录了较长时间尺度上古气候的重大变化。新的多代理数据显示，在喜马拉雅西北部的中世纪气候异常 (MCA) 期间，印度夏季风 (ISM) 增强，而在小冰河时代 (LIA) 期间，ISM 减弱。