We present the extraction of the temperature by analyzing the charged particle transverse momentum spectra in lead–lead (Pb–Pb) and proton–proton (pp) collisions at LHC energies from the ALICE Collaboration using the Color String Percolation Model (CSPM). From the measured energy density \({\varvec{\varepsilon }}\) and the temperature T the dimensionless quantity \({\varvec{\varepsilon }/}T^{4}\) is obtained to get the degrees of freedom (DOF), \({\varvec{\varepsilon }}/T^{4} = \hbox {DOF} \,{ \pi ^{2}}/30\). We observe for the first time a two-step behavior in the increase of DOF, characteristic of deconfinement, above the hadronization temperature at temperature \(\sim \) 210 MeV for both Pb–Pb and pp collisions and a sudden increase to the ideal gas value of \(\sim 47\) corresponding to three quark flavors in the case of Pb–Pb collisions.

我们通过使用颜色串渗透模型 (CSPM) 分析来自 ALICE 合作组织的 LHC 能量下的铅-铅 (Pb-Pb) 和质子-质子 ( pp ) 碰撞中的带电粒子横向动量谱来提取温度。从测得的能量密度\({\varvec{\varepsilon }}\)和温度 T 得到无量纲量\({\varvec{\varepsilon }/}T^{4}\)以获得自由度(DOF), \({\varvec{\varepsilon }}/T^{4} = \hbox {DOF} \,{ \pi ^{2}}/30\)。我们首次观察到Pb–Pb 和 Pb-Pb 和温度\(\sim \) 210 MeV 时，DOF 增加的两步行为，即解除约束的特征，高于强子化温度。在 Pb-Pb 碰撞的情况下，pp碰撞和理想气体值\(\sim 47\)的突然增加对应于三种夸克风味。