Ferritic stainless steel (AISI 441) oxidation was studied at 900 °C in synthetic air. At short time of oxidation (3 min), the oxide scale is comprised of chromia including some MnCr₂O₄ nodules (of a few tens of nanometers in diameter) and exhibits n-type conduction. Later, after 10 h, a trilayered morphology was observed with an internal equiaxed chromia, an intermediate columnar chromia and a top covering spinel layer. A model for oxide scale growth has been developed in this paper, taking into account all experimental observations and earlier studies.

中文翻译：

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在 441 铁素体不锈钢上在 900 °C 合成空气中热生长的三层氧化物的建模

铁素体不锈钢 (AISI 441) 氧化在 900 °C 下在合成空气中进行了研究。在短时间氧化（3 分钟）时，氧化皮由氧化铬组成，其中包括一些 MnCr ₂ O ₄结节（直径为几十纳米）并表现出n型传导。后来，10 小时后，观察到三层形态，内部等轴氧化铬、中间柱状氧化铬和顶部覆盖尖晶石层。考虑到所有实验观察和早期研究，本文开发了氧化皮生长模型。