The evolution of a particle cloud following its interactions with a blast wave and contact interface resulting from a detonating high-energy explosive is a difficult problem for both numerical simulations and physical experiments. In experiments, it is challenging to accurately characterize both the initial states of the explosive and the surrounding particle bed. There are also limitations in the available diagnostic tools and measurable data which can be extracted from the experiments. Thus, simulations are a cheaper alternative where the physics governing the interactions between the expanding particle cloud and the highly compressible, post-detonation fluid flow can be analyzed. Using multiphase, compressible flow simulations in an Eulerian–Lagrangian frame, the impact of introducing perturbations to a particle bed surrounding an explosive charge is studied. The analysis focuses on the multiphase instabilities and late-time behavior displayed by the particle cloud and discusses the associated underlying physical phenomena. The effects of these instabilities on the behavior of the mixing between the detonation products and the surrounding air are also discussed. The perturbations are varied to reveal the effects of the initial particle distribution and its persistence in the later-time particle cloud and the background fluid flow.

粒子云在与爆炸波和由高能爆炸物引爆的接触界面相互作用后的演变对于数值模拟和物理实验来说都是一个难题。在实验中，准确表征炸药和周围颗粒床的初始状态是一项挑战。可用的诊断工具和可从实验中提取的可测量数据也存在局限性。因此，模拟是一种更便宜的替代方法，可以分析控制膨胀粒子云与高度可压缩的爆轰后流体流动之间相互作用的物理现象。使用欧拉-拉格朗日坐标系中的多相可压缩流动模拟，研究了对炸药周围的粒子床引入扰动的影响。分析侧重于粒子云显示的多相不稳定性和后期行为，并讨论相关的潜在物理现象。还讨论了这些不稳定性对爆炸产物和周围空气之间混合行为的影响。扰动是变化的，以揭示初始粒子分布的影响及其在后期粒子云和背景流体流动中的持久性。还讨论了这些不稳定性对爆炸产物和周围空气之间混合行为的影响。扰动是变化的，以揭示初始粒子分布的影响及其在后期粒子云和背景流体流动中的持久性。还讨论了这些不稳定性对爆炸产物和周围空气之间混合行为的影响。扰动是变化的，以揭示初始粒子分布的影响及其在后期粒子云和背景流体流动中的持久性。