The utilization of nutrients in sewage sludge partly alleviates the economic and environmental constraints, and the composting process has been proved a cost-efficient and simple approach for the recycling of sewage sludge. During the bio-oxidative process, the thermophilic phase is considered to be the most effective stage for the biodegradation of organic matter in sewage sludge composting systems. However, the maximum temperatures of conventional thermophilic composting systems only reach approximately 55–60 °C because of the activity limitations of thermophiles at higher temperatures. Notably, increasing temperatures can accelerate the humification process and shorten the composting cycle. Therefore, the effect of rising temperature on sewage sludge composting was examined as a specific mechanism. Further, the consequent hyperthermophilic composting (HTC) system created by rising temperatures was reviewed. Moreover, the potential techno-economic advantages and future challenges of HTC systems were discussed. Finally, the microbial communities necessary to ensure the efficiency of HTC systems were analyzed and suitable hyperthermophiles for sludge HTC systems were proposed.

污水污泥中养分的利用在一定程度上缓解了经济和环境的限制，堆肥过程已被证明是一种经济高效且简单的污水污泥回收利用方法。在生物氧化过程中，高温阶段被认为是污水污泥堆肥系统中有机物生物降解的最有效阶段。然而，由于嗜热菌在较高温度下的活性限制，传统嗜热堆肥系统的最高温度仅达到约 55-60°C。值得注意的是，升高温度可以加速腐殖化过程并缩短堆肥周期。因此，升高温度对污水污泥堆肥的影响被作为一个特定的机制进行了研究。更多，对由此产生的由温度升高产生的超嗜热堆肥 (HTC) 系统进行了审查。此外，还讨论了 HTC 系统的潜在技术经济优势和未来挑战。最后，分析了确保 HTC 系统效率所需的微生物群落，并提出了适用于污泥 HTC 系统的超嗜热菌。