Abstract
The utilization of nutrients in sewage sludge partly alleviates the economic and environmental constraints, and the composting process has been proved a cost-efficient and simple approach for the recycling of sewage sludge. During the bio-oxidative process, the thermophilic phase is considered to be the most effective stage for the biodegradation of organic matter in sewage sludge composting systems. However, the maximum temperatures of conventional thermophilic composting systems only reach approximately 55–60 °C because of the activity limitations of thermophiles at higher temperatures. Notably, increasing temperatures can accelerate the humification process and shorten the composting cycle. Therefore, the effect of rising temperature on sewage sludge composting was examined as a specific mechanism. Further, the consequent hyperthermophilic composting (HTC) system created by rising temperatures was reviewed. Moreover, the potential techno-economic advantages and future challenges of HTC systems were discussed. Finally, the microbial communities necessary to ensure the efficiency of HTC systems were analyzed and suitable hyperthermophiles for sludge HTC systems were proposed.
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Data Availability
The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study can be found from the corresponding author and the data will be released on reasonable request.
Code Availability
Not applicable
Abbreviations
- OM:
-
Organic matter
- TC:
-
Thermophilic composting
- HTC:
-
Hyperthermophilic composting
- CTC:
-
Continuous thermophilic composting
- RPBA:
-
Recyclable plastic bulking agent
- EPS:
-
Extracellular polymeric substances
- LB-EPS:
-
Loosely bound EPS
- TB-EPS:
-
Tightly bound EPS
- BVS:
-
Biodegradable volatile solids
- DO:
-
Dissolved oxygen
- HSs:
-
Humic substances
- ARGs:
-
Antibiotic resistance genes
- MGEs:
-
Mobile genetic elements
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Acknowledgments
Y.L. appreciated the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078194) and National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2017YFE0127100).
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This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22078194). YL also appreciated the support from the National Key Research and Development Program (No. 2017YFE0127100).
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Zhiquan Wang: conceptualization, investigation, methodology, experiment, software, formal analysis, and writing (original draft preparation).
Deyi Wu: methodology, formal analysis, and investigation.
Xinze Wang: methodology, formal analysis, and investigation.
Yan Lin: methodology, writing (review and editing), visualization, supervision, and funding acquisition.
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Wang, Z., Wu, D., Lin, Y. et al. Role of Temperature in Sludge Composting and Hyperthermophilic Systems: a Review. Bioenerg. Res. 15, 962–976 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10281-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12155-021-10281-5