Among numerous sustainable advanced nanomaterials, nanocellulose is receiving increasing attention for its utilization in water treatment technologies due to its various specific properties and functionalities. The term “nanocellulose” is used for cellulosic material having a nanoscopic scale (or nanoscale) for their dimensional characteristics. It can be obtained in three different forms, which are fibrous form, crystalline form, or bacterial form. One of the benefits of this natural polymer is that it can be found abundantly on Earth, as most plants or waste contains the cellulose. For decades, this material has been widely used in various applications, mainly in water purification, with current studies focusing on surface functionalization of nanocellulose to enhance its properties. This brief review aims to provide the readers with the recent studies (year 2015 to year 2021) of nanocellulose properties, alongside the application of the material for removal of heavy metals from water and its reusability efficiency. In this regard, the main limitations for the specific applications of nanocellulose-based materials and its future prospective are identified in an effort to make possible enhancements in the future.

在众多可持续的先进纳米材料中，纳米纤维素因其各种特定的特性和功能而在水处理技术中的应用越来越受到关注。术语“纳米纤维素”用于具有纳米级（或纳米级）尺寸特征的纤维素材料。它可以以三种不同的形式获得，即纤维形式、结晶形式或细菌形式。这种天然聚合物的好处之一是它可以在地球上大量发现，因为大多数植物或废物都含有纤维素。几十年来，这种材料已广泛用于各种应用，主要用于水净化，目前的研究集中在纳米纤维素的表面功能化以增强其性能。这篇简短的综述旨在为读者提供纳米纤维素特性的最新研究（2015 年至 2021 年），以及该材料在去除水中重金属的应用及其可重复使用效率。在这方面，确定了基于纳米纤维素的材料的具体应用的主要限制及其未来前景，以期在未来做出可能的改进。