The current increase in deforestation rates of the Brazilian Amazon raises important questions about the resilience of trees in distinct vertical profiles in the world’s largest tropical rainforest. Seeking to prove the existence of temporal differences in tree growth response after forest fragmentation and edge effects through a dendrochronological perspective, we revealed that Theobroma sylvestre Mart. (Malvaceae), a typically understory and midstory strata tree of the Amazon upland forest (terra firme), increased the basal area increment rates compared to the forest interior, mainly over the first 20 years after forest fragmentation and edge effects. This pattern could not be extrapolated to the entire vertical forest profile, considering previous dendrochronological evidences from trees located in the forest canopy that presented an opposite pattern, a negative increment rate after forest fragmentation and edge creation. These divergences suggest that trees under the canopy of Amazon terra firme forest can be more tolerant to environmental stress (i.e. more incidence of droughts) derived by microclimatic and structural changes in forest subjected to forest fragmentation and edge effects processes, however, future dendroclimatic studies may confirm these hypotheses. In this sense, we highlighted that the increase in basal area increment of trees in the understory and midstory exposed to edge effects may indicate an important component of above-ground biomass stock recovery after forest fragmentation. This fact should be considered in forest management and restoration practices, promoting a new perspective on forest resilience ability after forest fragmentation and its strong impact on plant productivity and capacities in long-term carbon storage.

目前巴西亚马逊森林砍伐率的增加引发了关于世界上最大热带雨林不同垂直剖面中树木恢复能力的重要问题。为了通过树木年代学的角度证明森林破碎和边缘效应后树木生长响应存在时间差异，我们发现可可树市场。（锦葵科）是亚马逊高地森林 (terra Firme) 的典型林下和中层地层树，与森林内部相比，增加了基础面积增量率，主要是在森林破碎和边缘效应后的前 20 年。考虑到先前来自位于森林冠层中的树木的树木年代学证据显示相反的模式，森林破碎和边缘创建后的负增量率，这种模式无法外推到整个垂直森林剖面。这些差异表明，亚马逊土地森林冠层下的树木可以更耐受环境压力（即更多的干旱发生率），这是由于森林中的小气候和结构变化受到森林破碎和边缘效应过程的影响，然而，未来的树木气候研究可能会证实这些假设。在这个意义上，我们强调，暴露于边缘效应的林下和中层树木的基础面积增量的增加可能表明森林破碎后地上生物量库恢复的重要组成部分。在森林管理和恢复实践中应考虑这一事实，促进对森林破碎后森林恢复能力及其对植物生产力和长期碳储存能力的强烈影响的新视角。