Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing ( IF 2.6 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-08 , DOI: 10.1007/s11517-021-02382-2 Muhammad Awais Aslam 1 , Kashif Riaz 1 , Muhammad Mubasher Saleem 2
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World Health Organization articulated 9.8 million casualties globally in 2018 due to cancer. Cancer, as the world’s second most fatal disease, can be recuperated well if diagnosed at an early stage. In this work, a gradient-based impedance synthesis of normal and cancerous cells of breast and lungs, is demonstrated numerically for early-stage cancer detection. Low-voltage single-cell level examination is employed for indomitable diagnosis. MCF-7 and MCF-10A are utilized as breast cancer and breast normal cells, respectively; likewise, SK-MES and NL-20 are utilized as lung cancer and lung normal cell. Pre-examination numerical setup validity ensured with multiple test regimes. Micro-scaled planar and nano-structured electrodes are employed individually to witness the effect of the electrode’s structure during electrical impedance examination of cancer and non-cancer cell. Frequency range, at which differential impedance effect is found detectable, for breast and lung cancer cell pairs is determined to be 107 Hz and 108 Hz, respectively. By surpassing the conventional impedance spectroscopy with tedious data fitting formalities, the gradient synthesis technique for cancer detection is introduced. The gradient synthesis for cancer detection is found independent of electrode shape effect. Gradient for breast cancer cell is found to be 2 times greater than the normal breast cell while for lung cancer cell it is found to be 1.5 times greater than the normal lung cell. Our results suggest that as the frequency of applied electrical stimulus increases, impedance of cancerous cell falls at the rate almost double than its counterpart normal cell. This work provides a theoretical basis for further experimental exploration of gradient-based impedance synthesis in cancer therapy and serves as a design tool for performance optimization.
Graphical abstract
Figure 1 (a) Represents electrical Impedance analysis of breast normal cell MCF-10A and breast cancer cell MCF-7 using micro-scaled planar and nano-structured electrodes. (b) Gradient impedance synthesis performed, for breast normal cell (MCF-10A) and breast cancer cell (MCF-7) likewise for lungs normal cell (NL-20) and lungs cancer cell (SK-MES), which assures clear differential effect for cancer screening.
Surpassing the conventional and tedious data fitting impedance spectroscopies, a novel gradient-based impedance spectroscopy for early cancer detection is introduced. It clearly detects cancer without any data fitting formalities to find parameter of identification. Planar and nano structure electrodes are used to witness the impact of electrode shape on cell impedance. Breast normal MCF-10A and cancer cell MCF-7 as well as lungs normal NL-20 and cancer cell SK-MES are examined to reflect the efficacy of our work. Single cell level examination is performed for authenticated results.
中文翻译：
用于乳腺癌和肺癌细胞筛选的基于梯度的阻抗合成部署平面和纳米结构电极
世界卫生组织指出，2018 年全球有 980 万人死于癌症。癌症作为世界第二大致命疾病，如果早期诊断，可以很好地康复。在这项工作中，乳腺和肺部正常细胞和癌细胞的基于梯度的阻抗合成在数值上被证明用于早期癌症检测。采用低电压单细胞液位检测，诊断无懈可击。MCF-7 和 MCF-10A 分别用作乳腺癌和乳腺正常细胞；同样，SK-MES和NL-20被用作肺癌和肺正常细胞。预检数值设置的有效性通过多种测试制度确保。在癌症和非癌细胞的电阻抗检查过程中，分别采用微型平面和纳米结构电极来观察电极结构的影响。对于乳腺癌和肺癌细胞对，发现可检测到差分阻抗效应的频率范围被确定为 107 赫兹和 10 8 赫兹，分别。通过超越传统阻抗谱和繁琐的数据拟合手续，引入了用于癌症检测的梯度合成技术。发现用于癌症检测的梯度合成与电极形状效应无关。发现乳腺癌细胞的梯度是正常乳腺细胞的 2 倍，而肺癌细胞的梯度是正常肺细胞的 1.5 倍。我们的结果表明，随着施加的电刺激频率的增加，癌细胞的阻抗下降速度几乎是其对应正常细胞的两倍。这项工作为进一步实验探索癌症治疗中基于梯度的阻抗合成提供了理论基础，并作为性能优化的设计工具。
图形概要
图 1 (a) 表示使用微尺度平面和纳米结构电极对乳腺正常细胞 MCF-10A 和乳腺癌细胞 MCF-7 的电阻抗分析。(b) 对乳腺正常细胞 (MCF-10A) 和乳腺癌细胞 (MCF-7) 进行梯度阻抗合成，同样适用于肺正常细胞 (NL-20) 和肺癌细胞 (SK-MES)，这确保了明确的差异对癌症筛查的影响。
超越传统和繁琐的数据拟合阻抗谱，引入了一种用于早期癌症检测的新型基于梯度的阻抗谱。它可以清楚地检测癌症，无需任何数据拟合手续即可找到识别参数。平面和纳米结构电极用于观察电极形状对细胞阻抗的影响。检查了乳腺正常 MCF-10A 和癌细胞 MCF-7 以及肺正常 NL-20 和癌细胞 SK-MES，以反映我们工作的有效性。对认证结果进行单细胞水平检查。
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