Reliable stable indicators are very important for assessing soil quality. This paper compares the dynamics of microbial parameters in two different soils (rich/poor in organic carbon), contaminated in laboratory experiments with an equal dose of heavy metals (HMs) after 30 and 90 days. For this purpose, the changes in the number, biomass, and taxonomic structure of bacterial and fungal communities were assessed in microcosm experiments using an organic carbon–rich ordinary chernozem (Ch-humus-rich soil) and a depleted carbon agrozem (Ag-humus-poor soil), spiked with high concentrations of a zinc, lead, and copper solution (1100 Zn + 660 Cu + 650 Pb mg per kg soil). At the 30th and 90th day from HM contamination, soil samples were collected for analyzing microbial community lipid markers by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results show how both biomass and taxonomic structure of the bacterial and fungal communities analyzed were differently sensitive to HM contamination, depending on the type of soil. The Ag-humus-poor soil microbial community was significantly affected by the HM pollution with an increase in both fungi and bacteria and inside the latter several species changed their percentages. Differently, the Ch-humus-rich soil microbial community was not influenced by the HM addition. However, the negative impact of HM can manifest itself over time, so the microbial structure and its functioning cannot represent accurate indicators of the quality of all soil types. The results show that microbial characteristics should be taken into account only in a comprehensive assessment of soil quality in accordance with ISO 19,204:2017—soil quality TRIAD approach. This approach to environmental risk assessment combines biological data (from bioassay and ecological observations) with chemical analysis.

可靠的稳定指标对于评估土壤质量非常重要。本文比较了在实验室实验中被等量重金属 (HMs) 污染 30 天和 90 天后两种不同土壤（有机碳丰富/贫乏）中微生物参数的动态变化。为此，使用富含有机碳的普通黑钙土（富含 Ch-humus 的土壤）和贫碳土壤（Ag-humus 土壤）在微观实验中评估了细菌和真菌群落的数量、生物量和分类结构的变化。 - 贫瘠的土壤），添加高浓度的锌、铅和铜溶液（每公斤土壤 1100 Zn + 660 Cu + 650 Pb mg）。在 HM 污染的第 30 天和第 90 天，收集土壤样品，通过气相色谱-质谱法分析微生物群落脂质标记。结果表明，所分析的细菌和真菌群落的生物量和分类结构对 HM 污染的敏感性如何，取决于土壤类型。Ag-腐殖质贫瘠的土壤微生物群落受到重金属污染的显着影响，真菌和细菌均增加，而后者内部的几个物种改变了它们的百分比。不同的是，富含腐殖质的土壤微生物群落不受 HM 添加的影响。然而，HM 的负面影响会随着时间的推移而显现出来，因此微生物结构及其功能不能代表所有土壤类型质量的准确指标。结果表明，只有在按照 ISO 19,204:2017-土壤质量 TRIAD 方法对土壤质量进行综合评估时，才应考虑微生物特征。