Considering the constant exposure of fish to copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) and copper sulphate (CuSO₄) in natural aquatic environments as a result of increased usage of these chemicals in industry, medicine and aquaculture/agriculture over the past few decenniums, the current investigation aimed to reveal their comparative hemotoxic effects on freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus by measuring hematological and blood oxidative stress biomarkers and Cu levels. Fish were exposed to 0.05 mg/L CuO-NPs and CuSO₄ for 4 and 21 days. Both copper forms decreased erythrocyte, hematocrit, and hemoglobin values, and superoxide dismutase and catalase activities while they elevated glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity, and glutathione, malondialdehyde and Cu levels. Leukocyte levels and glutathione peroxidase activity did not show any significant change. In a conclusion, the current research demonstrates that CuO-NPs and CuSO₄ for O. niloticus have similar hemotoxic effects, however, CuO-NPs are slightly more toxic than CuSO₄ regarding hematological changes and oxidative stress observed.

考虑到在过去的几十年里，由于工业、医药和水产养殖/农业中这些化学品的使用增加，鱼类在天然水生环境中不断暴露于氧化铜纳米颗粒 (CuO-NPs) 和硫酸铜 (CuSO ₄ )，目前的研究旨在通过测量血液学和血液氧化应激生物标志物和铜水平来揭示它们对淡水鱼尼罗罗非鱼的比较血液毒性作用。鱼暴露于 0.05 mg/L CuO-NPs 和 CuSO ₄4天和21天。两种铜形式都降低了红细胞、血细胞比容和血红蛋白值以及超氧化物歧化酶和过氧化氢酶的活性，同时提高了 6-磷酸葡萄糖脱氢酶的活性以及谷胱甘肽、丙二醛和铜的水平。白细胞水平和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶活性没有显示出任何显着变化。总之，目前的研究表明，CuO-NPs 和 CuSO ₄对尼罗罗非鱼具有相似的血液毒性作用，但在观察到的血液学变化和氧化应激方面，CuO-NPs 的毒性略高于 CuSO _{4 。}