Rhodococcus spp. strains are widespread in diverse natural and anthropized environments thanks to their high metabolic versatility, biodegradation activities, and unique adaptation capacities to several stress conditions such as the presence of toxic compounds and environmental fluctuations. Additionally, the capability of Rhodococcus spp. strains to produce high value-added products has received considerable attention, mostly in relation to lipid accumulation. In relation with this, several works carried out omic studies and genome comparative analyses to investigate the genetic and genomic basis of these anabolic capacities, frequently in association with the bioconversion of renewable resources and low-cost substrates into triacylglycerols. This review is focused on these omic analyses and the genetic and metabolic approaches used to improve the biosynthetic and bioconversion performance of Rhodococcus. In particular, this review summarizes the works that applied heterologous expression of specific genes and adaptive laboratory evolution approaches to manipulate anabolic performance. Furthermore, recent molecular toolkits for targeted genome editing as well as genome-based metabolic models are described here as novel and promising strategies for genome-scaled rational design of Rhodococcus cells for efficient biosynthetic processes application.

红球菌属由于其高代谢多功能性、生物降解活性以及对多种应激条件（例如有毒化合物的存在和环境波动）的独特适应能力，菌株在不同的自然和人为环境中广泛存在。此外，红球菌属的能力。生产高附加值产品的菌株受到了相当多的关注，主要与脂质积累有关。与此相关，一些工作进行了组学研究和基因组比较分析，以研究这些合成代谢能力的遗传和基因组基础，通常与可再生资源和低成本底物生物转化为三酰甘油有关。本综述重点关注这些组学分析以及用于提高红球菌生物合成和生物转化性能的遗传和代谢方法。特别是，这篇综述总结了应用特定基因的异源表达和适应性实验室进化方法来操纵合成代谢性能的工作。此外，最近用于靶向基因组编辑的分子工具包以及基于基因组的代谢模型在这里被描述为红球菌细胞基因组规模合理设计的新颖且有前景的策略，以实现高效的生物合成过程应用。